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The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system that produces fluid that is an essential component of semen. Prostate cancer develops when cells in the prostate glands grow abnormally.
Prostate cancer is one of the top cancers among males over the age of 60. In most situations, it grows slowly, and may go undetected, and causes no difficulties. However, in some situations, it can be aggressive, with cancer cells spreading to other regions of the body (metastatic prostate cancer).
Prostate cancer is a slowly progressing disease that begins with minor changes in the form and size of the prostate gland cells. Prostate cancer risk increases with age, and it is rarely diagnosed until the age of 40. That is the primary reason why many men die of old age, unaware that they have prostate cancer.
Prostate Cancer Causes
There are no direct prostate cancer causes. However, some factors can increase the risk of prostate cancer, including the following:
- Consumption of a diet rich in red meat and high-fat dairy products
- Less consumption of vegetables and fruits
- Obesity
- Family history of the disease
- Smoking and alcohol consumption
- Sexually transmitted infections
Types of Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is usually diagnosed as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), a malignancy of prostate gland cells. Almost of prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas; however, there are also additional forms of prostate cancer as well, including the following:
- Sarcomas
- Small-cell carcinomas
- Neuroendocrine tumors (other than small cell carcinomas)
- Transitional cell carcinomas
Prostate Cancer Classification
Prostate tumors are classified according to the look of abnormal patterns of cancer cells appear to be.
- Low-grade PINs: The pattern of prostate cells appears almost normal.
- High-grade PIN: In this case, the pattern of cells appears a little unexpected.
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IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
milan, Italy
- Premier multi-speciality research hospital specialising in molecular medicine, gene therapy, and cardiovascular care.
- Part of Gruppo San Donato (GSD) and affiliated with Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele.
- Treats around 1.5 million patients annually, including many international visitors.
- Designated as a European Reference Centre (ERN GUARD-Heart) for complex heart conditions.
- Offers advanced services in cardiac surgery, electrophysiology, oncology, urology, gene therapy, plastic surgery, and diagnostic imaging.
- Equipped with state-of-the-art operating theatres, diagnostic labs, and 1,640 patient beds.
- Provides multilingual support, patient-focused care, and on-site pharmacies, labs, and cafeterias.
- Ranked among the World’s Best Specialised Hospitals (2025) for cardiology and cardiac surgery.
Casa di Cura La Madonnina
milan, Italy
- Casa di Cura La Madonnina is a renowned multidisciplinary private clinic in Milan, Italy. It provides premium healthcare services with a focus on advanced diagnostics, personalised care, and surgical excellence. The clinic offers state-of-the-art operating rooms, luxury patient rooms, and an exclusive patient experience for both Italian and international patients. It is recognised for its expertise in fields such as fertility and IVF, cardiology, plastic surgery, and digestive endoscopy.
- It integrates clinical excellence with a high standard of comfort and privacy, making it one of the most prestigious private healthcare institutions in Italy.
IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi- Sant’Ambrogio
milan, Italy
- IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital – Sant’Ambrogio is a leading multidisciplinary hospital located in Milan, Italy. It is internationally renowned for its excellence in orthopaedics, cardiovascular care, and advanced minimally invasive surgery. The hospital features cutting-edge diagnostic technology and state-of-the-art surgical facilities. It is part of the San Donato Hospital Group, combining research, innovation, and high-quality patient care.
- Recognised since 2006 as an IRCCS for research in locomotor system diseases.
- It combines high‑quality clinical care with translational and basic research in orthopaedics, biomechanics, regenerative medicine, etc.
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