Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be temporarily removed from the brain's ventricles via an external ventricular drainage procedure (EVD). CSF surrounds the brain and spinal cord, aiding in their defense. The brain's ventricles are the regions that hold this fluid. This page provides you with information about external ventricular drainage and what to expect when your child undergoes this procedure, courtesy of Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH). The brain ventricle is punctured with a catheter, a tiny plastic tube, which is used in the external ventricular drainage (EVD) system. This is linked to an external drainage system.
Factors affecting the cost of the External Ventricular Drainage:
- Hospital Fees: A substantial portion of the total expense of EVD is related to hospital fees. This covers overhead expenditures, personnel wages, administrative fees, and costs related to using hospital facilities.
- Procedure Complexity: An EVD procedure's cost may vary depending on how complicated it is. If there are any issues with the drain's insertion or maintenance, more resources might be needed, which would raise the final cost.
- Medical Supplies and Equipment: The price of the supplies and equipment needed for the EVD process, such as dressings, catheters, tubing, sterile drapes, and the drain itself, can add a substantial amount to the final cost.
- Physician Fees: The total cost will also be impacted by the professional fees that the neurosurgeon or other physician performing the EVD procedure will charge. This could change depending on the surgeon's background, area of specialization, and region.
- Anesthesia Fees: These costs will be added to the total cost of the EVD operation if general anesthesia or sedation is needed. These fees may vary depending on the kind and length of anesthetic used.
- Hospital Stay: The total cost may vary depending on how long a patient must stay in the hospital for EVD insertion and the following monitoring. Room and board, nursing care, and other related services will cost more during extended hospital stays.
- Diagnostic Examinations and Monitoring: Before, during, and after the implantation of an EVD, additional diagnostic examinations such as imaging investigations (such as CT scans and MRIs) and monitoring (such as intracranial pressure monitoring) may be required. The expense is increased overall by these tests and monitoring.
- Complications and Follow-up Care: Adverse events resulting after the implantation of an EVD, such as bleeding or infections, may require further medical attention, prescription drugs, or surgery. One should think about how much it will cost to manage these issues and provide follow-up care.
- Geographical Location: Local market dynamics and a patient's geographic location might affect the cost of healthcare services. In comparison to rural areas, hospitals in urban areas or places with higher cost of life may charge more.
| Country | Cost | Local_currency |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | USD 2545 - 5053 | 2011 - 3992 |
| Turkey | USD 2299 - 5653 | 69292 - 170381 |
| Spain | USD 2000 | 1840 |
| United States | USD 3000 - 5600 | 3000 - 5600 |
| Singapore | USD 1300 - 3200 | 1742 - 4288 |
An external ventricular drain (EVD), also referred to as ventriculostomy or extra ventricular drain, is a neurosurgical device used to manage hydrocephalus and reduce elevated intracranial pressure caused by blockages in the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain.
The temporary drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the lateral ventricles of the brain or the lumbar area of the spine into an external collection bag is known as external drainage and monitoring. Using a mix of gravity and intracerebral pressure, an external ventricular drainage (EVD) system drains CSF. The rate of drainage is determined by the height of the EVD system in relation to the patient's anatomy.
In neurocritical care, EVDs are used to:
- Reduce high intracranial pressure (ICP)
- CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) that has become infectious should be drained
- After surgery or a hemorrhage, drain any crimson CSF or blood
- Keep an eye on the CSF flow rate
- Patients undergoing open TAA/TAAA repair surgery or who become symptomatic after surgery should have their CSF removed
Types of drainage used in EVD:
- Continuous drainage
- Intermittent drainage
- A neurosurgeon places a catheter in the ventricular system of the brain following creation of a minute hole (burr hole) in the cranium, normally in the forehead bone.
- To measure and control intracranial pressure and to let CSF be drained out, the catheter is connected to an external draining and monitoring unit.
- The drain is pitched to a definite level to control the flow.
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Hematoma
- Catheter blockage
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Ara Damansara Medical Centre
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Situated at the junction of Petaling Jaya and Shah Alam, close to the Oasis Ara, Ara Damansara Medical Centre boasts a serene, luxurious ambiance.
The Centre has been awarded several prestigious awards such as the Global Health Asia Pacific Awards 2023, Newsweek Best Specialized Hospital APAC 2023, Healthcare Asia Awards 2023, and Malaysian Healthcare Wellness Excellence.
Arab Medical Center
Amman, Jordan
- The hospital offers specialised and high-quality medical care to both local and international patients.
- It offers 24/7 emergency services with experienced staff and dedicated rooms for children and patients with infectious diseases.
- AMC performs advanced surgeries, including those for the brain, heart, bones, and eyes.
- The hospital has modern medical equipment and diagnostic tools for accurate testing and treatment.
- It includes speciality clinics for heart, cancer, brain, diabetes, and more.
- AMC supports critical care units like the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Coronary Care Unit (CCU), and dialysis unit.
- It ensures patient comfort through clean rooms, professional service, and luxury accommodation options.
- The hospital promotes medical education and awareness through services like the Arabi Podcast.
- AMC actively supports medical tourism and is known as a trusted referral hospital in the region.
- It focuses on continuous quality improvement and compassionate care for every patient.
- AMC has a loyalty program (Arabi Care Card) that offers benefits and discounts to regular patients.
- The hospital ensures easy accessibility due to its central location near major landmarks and hotels in Amman.
Fortis Hospital
Mohali, India
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Fortis Hospital and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (INR) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2532 - 5087 | 207524 - 415525 |
| Standard EVD | 1219 - 3044 | 100292 - 249836 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 1522 - 3560 | 125171 - 290749 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2030 - 4074 | 166851 - 332969 |
- Address: Fortis Hospital Mohali, Sector 62, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
- Facilities related to Fortis Hospital: Post operative followup, Mobility Accessible Rooms, Online Doctor Consultation, Air Ambulance, Religious Facilities
Asian Institute of Medical Sciences
Faridabad, India
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Asian Institute of Medical Sciences and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (INR) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2526 - 5088 | 208496 - 414380 |
| Standard EVD | 1213 - 3056 | 99873 - 248600 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 1524 - 3567 | 124881 - 290491 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2037 - 4079 | 165668 - 333300 |
- Address: Asian Institute of Medical Sciences, Sector 21A, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Facilities related to Asian Institute of Medical Sciences: Post operative followup, Mobility Accessible Rooms, Online Doctor Consultation, Air Ambulance, Religious Facilities
Fortis Hospital, Mulund
Mumbai, India
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Fortis Hospital, Mulund and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (INR) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2768 - 5710 | 235486 - 452890 |
| Standard EVD | 1332 - 3379 | 108555 - 276888 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 1722 - 3937 | 140769 - 329869 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2267 - 4471 | 180709 - 375415 |
- Address: Fortis Hospital Mulund, Industrial Area, Bhandup West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Facilities related to Fortis Hospital, Mulund: Post operative followup, Mobility Accessible Rooms, Online Doctor Consultation, Air Ambulance, Religious Facilities
Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket
Delhi, India
Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital, Saket, is a 250-bed tertiary care hospital awarded NABH accreditation, which provides advanced medical care in various specialities such as Cardiac Sciences, Orthopaedics, Neurology, Urology, Kidney Transplant, Paediatrics, and Obstetrics & Gynaecology. The hospital provides quality, safe, integrated, and patient-centric medical care using modular OTs, ICUs, Cath Labs, CT, MRI and Dialysis units.
Manipal Hospital, Hebbal
Bangalore, India
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Manipal Hospital, Hebbal and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (INR) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2533 - 5085 | 208364 - 417098 |
| Standard EVD | 1218 - 3053 | 99464 - 250805 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 1516 - 3565 | 125091 - 290984 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2025 - 4071 | 167226 - 332526 |
- Address: Columbia Asia Hospital, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Facilities related to Manipal Hospital, Hebbal: Choice of Meals, SIM, TV inside room, Accommodation, Airport Transfer
Eregli Anadolu Hospital
Zonguldak, Turkey
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Eregli Anadolu Hospital and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (TRY) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2269 - 5580 | 67221 - 171759 |
| Standard EVD | 1706 - 3961 | 50576 - 119326 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 2281 - 4528 | 67955 - 138314 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2841 - 5636 | 85148 - 173208 |
- Address: M
- Facilities related to Eregli Anadolu Hospital: Online Doctor Consultation, Post operative followup, Mobility Accessible Rooms, Rehabilitation, Religious Facilities
Taoufik Clinique
Tunis, Tunisia
Taoufik Clinique located in Tunis, Tunisia is accredited by JCI. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- Laboratory services and High end medical imaging equipment is present at this clinic.
- Emergency care services are also available.
- The clinic has a health checkup center as well as an operation theatre.
- The important disciplines at this hospital are cardiology, orthopedics, cosmetic surgery, oncology, urology, bariatric surgery, and gastroenterology among others.
- Some cardiac conditions treated here are peripheral vascular disorder, heart valves disorder, cardiac muscle diseases, and acute and chronic pericarditis.
- Orthopedic and spine surgery which also includes treatment of sports related injuries, and disorders of both upper and lower limb.
- Cancer treatment is performed in Taoufik Clinique through chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy.
Riyadh Care Hospital
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Apart from in-detail treatment procedures available, Riyadh Care Hospital located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia has a wide variety of facilities available for International Patients. Some of the facilities which are provided by them are Accommodation, Airport Transfer, Choice of Meals, Interpreter, SIM, TV inside room. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- This healthcare organisation is equipped with modern and advanced healthcare instruments.
- Riyadh Care Hospital has a 325 bed capacity.
- The Department of Emergency and Department of Children Emergency work round the clock to provide the best of emergency care services.
- Respiratory Therapy and Dialysis Center takes care of the respiratory and renal conditions of the patients.
- Medical Rehabilitation Center provides the best in class rehabilitation and recovery services to the patients.
- Laboratory, Blood Bank, Physical Therapy and Radiology departments are also present.
- Intensive & Medium Care Unit for Children and Newborns and Intensive Care Unit for Cardiac conditions are also worth a mention for the outstanding work they are doing.
- Pharmacies for inpatients, outpatients and emergencies.
- The Intensive Care Unit is working to provide care for advanced and critical care.
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+99Process Involved for External Ventricular Drainage
- Consultation: To assess symptoms and determine if EVD is warranted, make an appointment with a neurosurgeon or neurologist.
- Preoperative Assessment: To verify the diagnosis of hydrocephalus or other illness necessitating EVD, take a patient's medical history and symptoms and perform imaging studies.
- Treatment Discussion: Based on the patient's condition, decide whether EVD is the most appropriate course of action or whether other treatments could be considered.
- Surgical Planning: Discuss the procedure's benefits, risks, and expected recovery with the patient.
- After Surgery Follow-up: Monitor recovery, deal with any issue, and check the procedure's effectiveness with follow-up imaging and symptom checking.
- Acute Hydrocephalus
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Brain Tumors
- Infections
- Acute Hydrocephalus (increased intracranial pressure due to fluid buildup)
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) (with hydrocephalus or brain swelling)
- Intracranial Hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain)
- Brain Tumors
- Post-Surgical Drainage
- Infections (such as meningitis, requiring pressure relief)
- Reduced Intracranial Pressure
- Improved Neurological Function
- Prevention of Further Brain Damage
- Stabilisation of the Patient’s Condition
- Neurologist
- Neurosurgeon
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