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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be temporarily removed from the brain's ventricles via an external ventricular drainage procedure (EVD). CSF surrounds the brain and spinal cord, aiding in their defense. The brain's ventricles are the regions that hold this fluid. This page provides you with information about external ventricular drainage and what to expect when your child undergoes this procedure, courtesy of Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH). The brain ventricle is punctured with a catheter, a tiny plastic tube, which is used in the external ventricular drainage (EVD) system. This is linked to an external drainage system.
| Country | Cost | Local_currency |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | USD 2545 - 5053 | 2011 - 3992 |
| Turkey | USD 2299 - 5653 | 69292 - 170381 |
| Spain | USD 2000 | 1840 |
| United States | USD 3000 - 5600 | 3000 - 5600 |
| Singapore | USD 1300 - 3200 | 1742 - 4288 |
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An external ventricular drain (EVD), also referred to as ventriculostomy or extra ventricular drain, is a neurosurgical device used to manage hydrocephalus and reduce elevated intracranial pressure caused by blockages in the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain.
The temporary drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the lateral ventricles of the brain or the lumbar area of the spine into an external collection bag is known as external drainage and monitoring. Using a mix of gravity and intracerebral pressure, an external ventricular drainage (EVD) system drains CSF. The rate of drainage is determined by the height of the EVD system in relation to the patient's anatomy.
In neurocritical care, EVDs are used to:
External ventricular drainage (EVD) decreases increased intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by trauma, disease, haemorrhage, or excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). While the underlying brain pathology is being treated, EVD drains CSF, monitors ICP, and stabilises the patient. In subarachnoid haemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, or hydrocephalus, EVD can be life-saving.
You should seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms of increased intracranial pressure: a sudden headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, visual changes, confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness. These may indicate the need for brain imaging immediately and the possible placement of an EVD.
There is limited planning since EVD is often done in an emergency. Blood test, coagulation studies, and imaging (CT or MRI) are conducted in a planned scenario. The scalp is cleaned and sterilised after consent is obtained. Depending on their well-being, patients can be sedated or under general anaesthesia.
The procedure takes 30–60 minutes. The drain is left in place for a few days to weeks based on the underlying condition and response to treatment. Hospitalisation varies with the severity of illness.
EVD can quickly lower brain pressure, halt further brain injury, and allow continued draining and monitoring of the CSF. When needed, it serves as a bridge to more definitive treatments, such as a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt and is essential in treating life-threatening diseases.
In critical care, patients are monitored. Nursing staff continually monitor neurological status and adjust the drainage system. Antibiotics can be given to prevent infection. Once the underlying issue has stabilised, the EVD may be clamped and removed. Neurological exams and repeat imaging monitor continuing care.
The solution's success depends on the underlying illness and how fast the solution is applied. EVD can significantly reduce mortality and improve neurological outcomes in emergency conditions. Sterile procedures and proper management increase overall effectiveness and reduce problems.
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