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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be temporarily removed from the brain's ventricles via an external ventricular drainage procedure (EVD). CSF surrounds the brain and spinal cord, aiding in their defense. The brain's ventricles are the regions that hold this fluid. This page provides you with information about external ventricular drainage and what to expect when your child undergoes this procedure, courtesy of Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH). The brain ventricle is punctured with a catheter, a tiny plastic tube, which is used in the external ventricular drainage (EVD) system. This is linked to an external drainage system.
Factors affecting the cost of the External Ventricular Drainage:
- Hospital Fees: A substantial portion of the total expense of EVD is related to hospital fees. This covers overhead expenditures, personnel wages, administrative fees, and costs related to using hospital facilities.
- Procedure Complexity: An EVD procedure's cost may vary depending on how complicated it is. If there are any issues with the drain's insertion or maintenance, more resources might be needed, which would raise the final cost.
- Medical Supplies and Equipment: The price of the supplies and equipment needed for the EVD process, such as dressings, catheters, tubing, sterile drapes, and the drain itself, can add a substantial amount to the final cost.
- Physician Fees: The total cost will also be impacted by the professional fees that the neurosurgeon or other physician performing the EVD procedure will charge. This could change depending on the surgeon's background, area of specialization, and region.
- Anesthesia Fees: These costs will be added to the total cost of the EVD operation if general anesthesia or sedation is needed. These fees may vary depending on the kind and length of anesthetic used.
- Hospital Stay: The total cost may vary depending on how long a patient must stay in the hospital for EVD insertion and the following monitoring. Room and board, nursing care, and other related services will cost more during extended hospital stays.
- Diagnostic Examinations and Monitoring: Before, during, and after the implantation of an EVD, additional diagnostic examinations such as imaging investigations (such as CT scans and MRIs) and monitoring (such as intracranial pressure monitoring) may be required. The expense is increased overall by these tests and monitoring.
- Complications and Follow-up Care: Adverse events resulting after the implantation of an EVD, such as bleeding or infections, may require further medical attention, prescription drugs, or surgery. One should think about how much it will cost to manage these issues and provide follow-up care.
- Geographical Location: Local market dynamics and a patient's geographic location might affect the cost of healthcare services. In comparison to rural areas, hospitals in urban areas or places with higher cost of life may charge more.
| Country | Cost | Local_currency |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | USD 2545 - 5053 | 2011 - 3992 |
| Turkey | USD 2299 - 5653 | 69292 - 170381 |
| Spain | USD 2000 | 1840 |
| United States | USD 3000 - 5600 | 3000 - 5600 |
| Singapore | USD 1300 - 3200 | 1742 - 4288 |
An external ventricular drain (EVD), also referred to as ventriculostomy or extra ventricular drain, is a neurosurgical device used to manage hydrocephalus and reduce elevated intracranial pressure caused by blockages in the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain.
The temporary drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the lateral ventricles of the brain or the lumbar area of the spine into an external collection bag is known as external drainage and monitoring. Using a mix of gravity and intracerebral pressure, an external ventricular drainage (EVD) system drains CSF. The rate of drainage is determined by the height of the EVD system in relation to the patient's anatomy.
In neurocritical care, EVDs are used to:
- Reduce high intracranial pressure (ICP)
- CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) that has become infectious should be drained
- After surgery or a hemorrhage, drain any crimson CSF or blood
- Keep an eye on the CSF flow rate
- Patients undergoing open TAA/TAAA repair surgery or who become symptomatic after surgery should have their CSF removed
Types of drainage used in EVD:
- Continuous drainage
- Intermittent drainage
External ventricular drainage (EVD) decreases increased intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by trauma, disease, haemorrhage, or excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). While the underlying brain pathology is being treated, EVD drains CSF, monitors ICP, and stabilises the patient. In subarachnoid haemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, or hydrocephalus, EVD can be life-saving.
You should seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms of increased intracranial pressure: a sudden headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, visual changes, confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness. These may indicate the need for brain imaging immediately and the possible placement of an EVD.
There is limited planning since EVD is often done in an emergency. Blood test, coagulation studies, and imaging (CT or MRI) are conducted in a planned scenario. The scalp is cleaned and sterilised after consent is obtained. Depending on their well-being, patients can be sedated or under general anaesthesia.
- A neurosurgeon places a catheter in the ventricular system of the brain following creation of a minute hole (burr hole) in the cranium, normally in the forehead bone.
- To measure and control intracranial pressure and to let CSF be drained out, the catheter is connected to an external draining and monitoring unit.
- The drain is pitched to a definite level to control the flow.
The procedure takes 30–60 minutes. The drain is left in place for a few days to weeks based on the underlying condition and response to treatment. Hospitalisation varies with the severity of illness.
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Hematoma
- Catheter blockage
EVD can quickly lower brain pressure, halt further brain injury, and allow continued draining and monitoring of the CSF. When needed, it serves as a bridge to more definitive treatments, such as a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt and is essential in treating life-threatening diseases.
In critical care, patients are monitored. Nursing staff continually monitor neurological status and adjust the drainage system. Antibiotics can be given to prevent infection. Once the underlying issue has stabilised, the EVD may be clamped and removed. Neurological exams and repeat imaging monitor continuing care.
The solution's success depends on the underlying illness and how fast the solution is applied. EVD can significantly reduce mortality and improve neurological outcomes in emergency conditions. Sterile procedures and proper management increase overall effectiveness and reduce problems.
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Get Help Explore Hospitals ( 88 )
Medical Park Gebze Hospital
Kocaeli, Turkey
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Medical Park Gebze Hospital and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (TRY) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2282 - 5568 | 67360 - 166664 |
| Standard EVD | 1680 - 3938 | 51303 - 120247 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 2205 - 4520 | 68324 - 135530 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2811 - 5613 | 84522 - 170407 |
- Address: G
- Facilities related to Medical Park Gebze Hospital: Choice of Meals, Interpreter, SIM, Accommodation, Airport Transfer
Parkside Private Hospital
London, United Kingdom
Apart from in-detail treatment procedures available, Parkside Private Hospital located in London, United Kingdom has a wide variety of facilities available for International Patients. Some of the facilities which are provided by them are Accommodation, Airport Transfer, Choice of Meals, Interpreter, SIM, TV inside room. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- Patient bedrooms with ensuite facilities like TV, internet access, direct dial phone, etc.
- 4 Operating Rooms
- 69 registered beds
- 21 Outpatient Consulting rooms
- 4 minor procedure rooms
- 11-bed day unit
- Endoscopy suite
- Pathology Laboratory
- Pharmacy
- Cafeteria/Restaurant
- Car Parking
Quironsalud Marbella Hospital
Marbella, Spain
Apart from in-detail treatment procedures available, Quironsalud Marbella Hospital located in Marbella, Spain has a wide variety of facilities available for International Patients. Some of the facilities which are provided by them are Accommodation, Airport Transfer, Choice of Meals, Interpreter, SIM, TV inside room. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- The hospital is present in an area of 10.500 square meters.
- A 24- hour emergency service for all kinds of emergency scenarios, even pediatric.
- There is a specialised radiology department as well as a hemodialysis unit.
- The hospital also consists of an Intensive Care Unit with a laboratory.
- Also present are a functional test area with physiotherapy services in addition to functional recovery.
- Wide network of Insurance partners both national and international.
- A professionally managed international patient care center.
- There are more than 25 medical specialties
- The number of rooms are: 65 plus private rooms, over 14 consultation rooms.
- There are also more than 5 operation theatres with 2 endoscopy rooms
- Ultrasound, MRI, CAT scan are also present as per needs and requirements.
Manipal Hospital, Dwarka
Delhi, India
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Manipal Hospital, Dwarka and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (INR) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2544 - 5061 | 208966 - 414920 |
| Standard EVD | 1214 - 3041 | 99834 - 248715 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 1518 - 3549 | 124706 - 291846 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2025 - 4072 | 167038 - 334075 |
- Address: Manipal Hospital Dwarka, Palam Vihar, Sector 6 Dwarka, Dwarka, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Facilities related to Manipal Hospital, Dwarka: Choice of Meals, Interpreter, SIM, TV inside room, Accommodation
Vinmec Times City
Ha noi, Vietnam
- Vinmec Times City International Hospital is the first hospital to be launched within the Vinmec Healthcare System.
- It is located in the Times City urban complex in Hanoi, offering a central and convenient location for patients.
- The hospital spans 24,670 square meters with a modern infrastructure of seven floors above ground and two basement levels.
- It is the first general hospital in Vietnam to receive JCI accreditation, a globally recognised certification for healthcare quality and safety.
- The medical team comprises highly qualified Vietnamese and international doctors with extensive clinical expertise.
- Vinmec Times City provides comprehensive healthcare services, including outpatient care, inpatient treatment, and emergency services.
- The hospital features specialised departments, including Internal Medicine, Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Orthopaedics, and Neurology.
- It is equipped to perform advanced medical procedures, including robotic-assisted surgery and organ transplants.
- The facility features a world-class IVF centre and offers dedicated services in endocrinology, dermatology, and traditional medicine.
- On-site imaging, radiology, and laboratory departments ensure fast and accurate diagnostic support.
- With a strong focus on patient-centred care, the hospital offers a safe, comfortable, and internationally standardised medical experience.
Vinmec Phu Quoc Hospital
Phu Quoc, Vietnam
- Phu Quoc Island lacked access to modern, high-quality healthcare infrastructure suitable for both its residents and the growing number of tourists.
- The local healthcare system faced challenges in meeting international standards for emergency, diagnostic, and speciality care.
- There was a strong demand for a facility that could offer comprehensive and reliable medical services across a wide range of specialities.
- Vinmec Phu Quoc General Hospital was launched in June 2015 as part of the Vinmec Healthcare System to close this healthcare gap.
- Spanning over 10,000 square meters, the hospital comprises six stories and features nearly 150 patient beds to cater to a diverse range of medical needs.
- Operates in line with internationally recognised standards, such as those outlined by the Joint Commission International (JCI), to ensure patient safety and service excellence.
- Outfitted with advanced diagnostic and treatment technologies, including MRI, CT scanners, digital X-rays, and more to support high-precision care.
- Maintains 24/7 emergency response capabilities to address critical cases at any time.
- Engages highly qualified healthcare providers, including doctors and specialists who have trained and worked at prestigious hospitals both within Vietnam and internationally.
- The hospital’s design emphasises eco-friendliness and natural lighting, fostering a therapeutic environment for patients.
- To offer premium healthcare services on Phu Quoc Island, aligned with international benchmarks and suitable for both domestic and global patients.
- To contribute to Vinmec’s vision of becoming a leader in academic medicine through research, education, and clinical excellence.
- To ensure that every patient receives compassionate, ethical, and highly skilled care tailored to their unique health needs.
- To position Vinmec Phu Quoc as a trusted medical destination that combines advanced technology, modern infrastructure, and exceptional patient service.
Casa di Cura La Madonnina
milan, Italy
- Casa di Cura La Madonnina is a renowned multidisciplinary private clinic in Milan, Italy. It provides premium healthcare services with a focus on advanced diagnostics, personalised care, and surgical excellence. The clinic offers state-of-the-art operating rooms, luxury patient rooms, and an exclusive patient experience for both Italian and international patients. It is recognised for its expertise in fields such as fertility and IVF, cardiology, plastic surgery, and digestive endoscopy.
- It integrates clinical excellence with a high standard of comfort and privacy, making it one of the most prestigious private healthcare institutions in Italy.
Apollo Hospital
Chennai, India
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Apollo Hospital and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (INR) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2839 - 5656 | 226007 - 465218 |
| Standard EVD | 1375 - 3379 | 109052 - 277131 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 1694 - 3908 | 138987 - 322163 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2234 - 4442 | 188588 - 368532 |
- Address: Apollo Hospital Greams Road Chennai - Best Hospital in Chennai, Greams Road, Thousand Lights West, Thousand Lights, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Facilities related to Apollo Hospital: Post operative followup, Mobility Accessible Rooms, Online Doctor Consultation, Air Ambulance, Religious Facilities
Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals
Kolkata, India
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (INR) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2798 - 5542 | 233777 - 451573 |
| Standard EVD | 1360 - 3378 | 110865 - 271726 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 1660 - 3889 | 141443 - 328060 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2276 - 4478 | 182866 - 368276 |
- Address: Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Canal Circular Road, Kadapara, Phool Bagan, Kadapara, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Facilities related to Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals: Post operative followup, Mobility Accessible Rooms, Online Doctor Consultation, Air Ambulance, Religious Facilities
Fortis Hospital
Noida, India
3.0 ( 1 Reviews )
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Fortis Hospital and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (INR) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2537 - 5056 | 208145 - 416770 |
| Standard EVD | 1216 - 3038 | 99613 - 250339 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 1525 - 3568 | 124474 - 291180 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2034 - 4054 | 166513 - 332202 |
- Address: Fortis Hospital, Rasoolpur Nawada, Industrial Area, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Facilities related to Fortis Hospital: Post operative followup, Mobility Accessible Rooms, Online Doctor Consultation, Air Ambulance, Religious Facilities
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+99Process Involved for External Ventricular Drainage
- Consultation: To assess symptoms and determine if EVD is warranted, make an appointment with a neurosurgeon or neurologist.
- Preoperative Assessment: To verify the diagnosis of hydrocephalus or other illness necessitating EVD, take a patient's medical history and symptoms and perform imaging studies.
- Treatment Discussion: Based on the patient's condition, decide whether EVD is the most appropriate course of action or whether other treatments could be considered.
- Surgical Planning: Discuss the procedure's benefits, risks, and expected recovery with the patient.
- After Surgery Follow-up: Monitor recovery, deal with any issue, and check the procedure's effectiveness with follow-up imaging and symptom checking.
- Acute Hydrocephalus
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Brain Tumors
- Infections
- Acute Hydrocephalus (increased intracranial pressure due to fluid buildup)
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) (with hydrocephalus or brain swelling)
- Intracranial Hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain)
- Brain Tumors
- Post-Surgical Drainage
- Infections (such as meningitis, requiring pressure relief)
- Reduced Intracranial Pressure
- Improved Neurological Function
- Prevention of Further Brain Damage
- Stabilisation of the Patient’s Condition
- Neurologist
- Neurosurgeon
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