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A surgical technique called a heart double valve replacement is used to replace the heart's mitral and aortic valves. Because they assist control the flow of blood between the heart chambers and the rest of the body, these valves are essential to the heart's healthy operation.
A double valve replacement may be required if the disease or damage to both the aortic and mitral valves is severe enough to affect cardiac function. The diseased valves are removed during the treatment and are replaced with prosthetic valves, which are artificial.
| Country | Cost | Local_currency |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | USD 25327 - 65462 | 20008 - 51715 |
| Turkey | USD 15000 - 50000 | 452100 - 1507000 |
| Spain | USD 65000 | 59800 |
| United States | USD 134300 | 134300 |
| Singapore | USD 34500 | 46230 |
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Double valve surgery is described as a surgical procedure where two heart valves are repaired or replaced during the same operation. The heart has four valves—two atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) and two semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary). These valves play a crucial role in ensuring blood flows in the correct direction through the heart. The heart valves play a crucial role in allowing nutrient-rich blood to flow through the heart's chambers. Ideally, each valve should close completely after guiding blood flow. However, when heart valves are diseased, they may not function properly.
Double valve surgery becomes necessary when both the aortic and mitral valves or both the mitral and tricuspid valves are affected by disease or dysfunction. The reasons for double valve surgery include:
Stenosis, which is the narrowing of blood vessels, reduces the normal blood flow to the heart, making the muscle work harder. Leaky valves, known as regurgitation, occur when a valve doesn't close tightly, allowing blood to flow backward. This can lead to symptoms of valvular heart disease, including fatigue, dizziness, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, cyanosis, chest pain, and fluid retention, especially in the lower limbs.
Heart valve repair is an option for treating valvular heart disease, but in some cases where the damage is severe, a total replacement of the affected valve may be the only solution.
Mechanical Valves: These are artificial components made from materials like carbon and polyester, well-tolerated by the human body. They serve the same purpose as natural heart valves and have a lifespan of 10 to 20 years. However, a drawback is the risk of blood clots. If you get a mechanical heart valve, you'll need to take blood thinners for life to reduce the risk of stroke.
Biologic Valves (Bioprosthetic Valves): These valves are crafted from human or animal tissue. There are three types:
This procedure occurs when the aortic and mitral valves are so severely damaged or diseased that they cannot function and sustain life. Rheumatic heart disease, calcific degeneration, infective endocarditis, or congenital abnormalities of the valves are some common causes of such damage. Following this operation, more blood flows through the heart, thus enhancing the cardiac output and alleviating the symptoms, namely, breathlessness and fatigue.
If you have persistent symptoms of shortness of breath, chest pain, palpitations, leg swelling, and/or unexplained tiredness, you must see a cardiologist. A heart murmur or an abnormality detected in the echocardiogram may lead to further evaluation of valve disease.
Before surgery, you will undergo an echocardiography, cardiac catheterisation, blood tests, an ECG, and maybe a chest X-ray or CT scan. You should stop some medications, such as blood thinners, from that point. The doctor will examine your overall health and fitness for surgery. Fasting will be required before the operation, and a consent form will be signed after briefing the person about the risks and benefits.
The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, and a median sternotomy (chest opening) is performed. The heart is stopped temporarily while an extracorporeal circulation system (heart-lung machine) takes over circulation. The damaged aortic and mitral valves are replaced with mechanical or bioprosthetic valves. Once this is done, the heart is restarted, and the chest is closed.
Double valve replacement surgery usually takes between 5 and 7 hours to complete, depending on the patient's status and technical considerations.
Appropriate valve replacement improves heart functioning, relieves symptoms, increases exercise capacity, and improves quality of life. It also prevents further damage to the heart and reduces the possibility of heart failure.
The patient undergoes 1–2 days of intensive care monitoring, followed by 7–10 days of in-hospital care after the surgery. Full recovery takes about 6–12 weeks, during which there is a gradual increase in physical activity. Cardiac rehabilitation is therefore indicated, as is routine follow-up. Medications might be used to control heart rhythm, anticoagulation, and sickness.
Generally, the success rate for double valve replacement is high, ranging between 85% and 95% for well-selected patients. Patients benefit more with timely surgery and good care following surgery. Risk increases with advanced age or the presence of severe conditions.
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The heart is made up of tissues and muscles that pump blood. It is divided into a right and left side and has four chambers: 2 lower chambers called ventricles and 2 upper chambers called atria.
