Your Notifications
All done, no notifications

Oncology Treatment Cost in India

Filters

Your treatment depends on where your cancer is, how big it is, whether it has spread, and your general health. There are different types of treatment you might have. Understanding your treatment and the side effects can help you to cope. There is no single treatment for cancer, and patients often receive a combination of therapies and palliative care. There are many avenues and types of treatments which aid in Cancer Treatment ranging from:

What is the quality of Cancer Treatment in India?

With the expertise in handling, especially difficult or complex cases, Cancer specialists’ doctor of India continues to attract a growing number of patients from South Africa, Europe, and the African continent. Top Oncologists in India have wide experience in various cancer surgeries with positive results, as they are qualified from countries like US, UK, and Japan. Best oncologists of India work as a team sharing patient care and expertise to provide the highest standard of healthcare.

How Much is the cost of Cancer Treatment in India?

In cancer treatment, it is next to impossible to put up a cost rate because every cancer case is different. The difference arises from the organs affected (primary organ & secondary organs that cancer has metastatic to). Further, the mode of treatment and drugs usage changes as per the stage of cancer. Hence, the closest estimate of treatment can be provided only after evaluation of your medical reports like CT scan, USG, Biopsy reports, etc. If you wish to check the cost of Cancer Treatment in India for various forms of treatments then go through the following links:

Would you like some help? We are available.

Get Help
Explore Hospitals ( 91 )
Manipal Hospital, Ghaziabad: Top Doctors, and Reviews

Ghaziabad, India

  • National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH)
  • National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)

Founded in 2010, Manipal Hospital-Ghaziabad (formerly Columbia Asia Hospital) is a well-known multispecialty hospital accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH). With 100 beds, the hospital is committed to providing effective and reasonably priced healthcare in a clean and safe setting. The hospital has several departments that are known for their expertise, including Orthopaedics, Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Plastic Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, ENT, and more. Due to this recognition, the hospital is now regarded as one of the best medical establishments in the Ghaziabad area.

Wockhardt Hospital, Umrao: Top Doctors, and Reviews

Mumbai, India

  • National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH)

Wockhardt Hospital, Umrao located in Thane, India is accredited by NABH. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:

  • A 14 story building houses this hospital and it has a 350 beds capacity.
  • The hospital has a day care unit, dialysis unit, and digital documentation facility.
  • Treatment packages are available at the hospital as are Diagnostic and therapeutic services.
  • High end diagnostic services, 9 operation theatres and ICU facilities (24/7) are present.
  • Nephrology, Urology, Oncology, Orthopaedics, Cardiology, and Neurology departments in the hospital are worth a mention.
  • Minimal access surgery as well as Emergency & Trauma Surgery services are present in Wockhardt Umrao.
  • Comprehensive health check up option is available at Wockhardt Umrao.
  • It has all kinds of International patient care services including assistance for travel, transfer, accommodation and interpreters.
Apollo Hospital: Top Doctors, and Reviews

Chennai, India

  • Joint Commission International, or JCI

Apollo Hospital located in Chennai, India is accredited by JCI, NABH. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:

  • Committed Centers of Excellence involving many major specialties, super specialties
  • Assistance in trip planning and execution
  • Insurance related assistance
  • Visa facilitation
  • International patient representatives for complete end to end travel and transfer processing for medical travellers
  • Language translators availability
  • Robust safety and infection protocols
  • Personalised, Visa and Premium Health Checks available
  • Health Library and accessing health records online
  • Wide variety of procedures accomplished including complex and critical procedures
  • Technologically advanced systems and procedures in place
  • Research and academics base of healthcare delivery
Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals: Top Doctors, and Reviews

Kolkata, India

  • Joint Commission International, or JCI
  • ISO 9001

Apollo Multispecialty Hospitals located in Kolkata, India is accredited by JCI, NABH. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:

  • International patient Center
  • Focus on research and innovation
  • Different amenities: Transport, Security, Travel Desk, Places of Worship, Telecommunication Service, Special Nurse, Food & Dietary Services
  • Several kinds of rooms: General ward, Semi Private Rooms, Private Rooms, Deluxe, Super Deluxe, Suite, Maharaja Suite, HDU, Gastro ICU, Emergency, Neonatal ICU, Level 1, Level 2 & Level 3
  • Health Insurance coverage available
  • Here is a comprehensive list of the various kinds of key medical procedures performed through the latest technology.
  • Arthroscopy
  • Bone Marrow Transplant
  • Cosmetic Surgery
  • Da Vinci Robotic Surgical System
  • Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR)
  • Hand Microsurgery
  • Hip Arthroscopy
  • Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
  • Minimally Invasive Subvastus Total Knee Replacement
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
  • 128 Slice PET CT
  • Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold (BVS)
  • ECMO
  • OCT Technique - Optical Coherence Tomography
  • Single Port Endoscopic technique of Carpal Tunnel Release (ECTR)
BGS Gleneagles Global Hospitals: Top Doctors, and Reviews

Bangalore, India

  • National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH)
  • National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)

Gleneagles BGS Hospital, Kengeri, is a leading healthcare centre in Bengaluru, committed to delivering compassionate, patient-focused care locally and globally. The hospital houses 15 specialised departments with over 30 medical and surgical specialities, supported by 450 beds, advanced emergency services, imaging, laboratory, and transfusion facilities.

It is renowned for pioneering initiatives such as South India’s first 5G-enabled ambulance and Karnataka’s largest Multi-Organ Transplant Program. Recognised among India’s top paediatric cranio-maxillofacial centres, it is also the first in Karnataka to receive the AHPI Award 2024 for “Excellence in Nursing Practices” consecutively.

Manipal Hospital, Yeshwantpur: Top Doctors, and Reviews

Bangalore, India

  • Joint Commission International, or JCI
  • National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH)

Manipal Hospital, Yeshwantpur located in Bengaluru, India is accredited by NABH. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:

  • Super-specialty healthcare facility
  • Started operations in July 2008
  • Video consultations with specialists
  • Various health checkup packages available
  • Technological applications in healthcare and healthcare delivery
  • Many ancillar services available like
    • ICU, NICU
    • Physiotherapy
    • Referral lab
    • Teleradiology / telemedicine
    • Pharmacy
    • Imaging facilities
  • Rehabilitation services, 24 hour emergency services, operating theatre, ambulatory and daycare, cafeteria, and many kinds of patient accomodation.
nM Virani Wockhardt: Top Doctors, and Reviews

Rajkot, India

  • National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH)

A leading multispecialty hospital in Rajkot, Wockhardt Hospital is committed to providing top-notch medical care and modern treatments. With a 95% satisfaction rating, Wockhardt has successfully treated 200,000 emergency cases and more than 1.4 million OPD patients. The hospital's dedication to providing high-quality care and safety is demonstrated by its NABH and NABL accreditation. Wockhardt guarantees easily accessible, high-quality healthcare by providing a surgery 0% interest-free EMI option and a fully furnished 'ICU on Wheels' that is open 24/7. Wockhardt Hospital is a reliable option for patients looking for advanced medical care in Rajkot and beyond because of its staff of skilled specialists and outstanding reputation for excellence.

Fortis Hospital: Top Doctors, and Reviews

Noida, India

3.0 ( 1 Reviews )
  • National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH)
  • National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)

Fortis Healthcare Limited is one of India’s prominent providers of integrated healthcare services, offering comprehensive medical care across multiple specialities. The company’s operations span hospitals, diagnostic centres, and day-care speciality facilities, ensuring a wide range of healthcare solutions under one umbrella. Fortis has established a strong presence across the country, managing 33 healthcare facilities, which include joint ventures and operational & management (O&M) setups, across 11 states.

The company’s hospital network comprises more than 5,700 operational beds, including O&M beds, catering to patients with varied healthcare needs. In addition to inpatient services, Fortis operates around 400 diagnostic laboratories, providing reliable and timely diagnostic support for accurate medical care. This extensive network enables Fortis to deliver high-quality healthcare services consistently and efficiently, from routine diagnostics to specialised treatments and complex procedures.

Fortis La Femme, Greater Kailash II: Top Doctors, and Reviews

Delhi, India

  • National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH)

Fortis La Femme, GK II, is a boutique multi-speciality hospital dedicated to women’s health, offering personalised and compassionate care. With 36 beds, it combines a patient-centric approach with an elegant, comfortable environment. The hospital provides a wide range of services, including Obstetrics with painless labour, Gynaecology and General Surgery using minimal access laparoscopic techniques, Fertility and IVF treatments, Neonatology with a Level III NICU, Onco Surgery for breast and gynaecological cancers, Cosmetology and Cosmetic Surgery, Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Foetal Medicine, ENT, and Clinical Nutrition — all tailored to meet women’s unique healthcare needs.

Shanti Mukand Hospital: Top Doctors, and Reviews

Delhi, India

5.0 ( 1 Reviews )
  • National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH)
  • National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL)

Shanti Mukand Hospital located in New Delhi, India is accredited by ISO, NABH. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:

  • Most medical and surgical disciplines are covered in the hospital in terms of treatment.
  • The diagnostics of the hospital are up to date with the latest technologies in a specialised dedicated wing called as SMH Imaging Center.
  • Some important specialties available in the hospital are Orthopedics, Oncology (SMH Cancer Center), Neurology, Cardiac Care, Pediatrics etc.
  • Physiotherapy services are available for patients.
  • There is a specific Dialysis unit known as SMH Dialysis Center.
  • There is a bed capacity of 200.
  • Modular Operation theatres as well as provisions for minimally invasive procedures.
  • Critical care and emergency care departments are also present.

Need Some Advice From Our Experts?

Request a Call Back Now!

Our team of healthcare experts would be happy to assist you

trusted Patientstrusted Patients+99
Trusted by 50000+ Patients
Required | alphabets and spaces
Required | A valid, working email address
Required | A valid contact

Instantly Connect with our Specialists

Doctor 1
Doctor 2
Doctor 3
Doctor 4
Doctor 5
Doctor 6
Doctor 7
Doctor 8
Our Services to Better your Experience

Opinion & Option

We submit the most accurate opinion and options from one or more countries for your review

Consult Privately

Consult with a certified specialist privately on our telemedicine platform even before you decide to travel

Logistics

We handle flights, visas, transfers, and accommodation—so you can focus on your health.

Recovery

Our In-house rehabilitation service packages to better your recovery and treatment outcome

Other Popular Countries

Our network connects you with the leading medical tourism destinations globally, offering a wide range of cities, top doctors, and flexible pricing options.

Italy
Spain
United Kingdom
Turkey

Get Insight with our Blogs

7 Reasons African Patients Trust India for Advanced Leukemia Treatment
Oncology

7 Reasons African Patients Trust India for Advanced Leukemia Treatment

Leukemia is one of the most difficult types of blood cancer because it currently involves the bone marrow and blood-forming tissues. Receiving a timely diagnosis and advanced treatment is an important factor in improving survival and quality of life.

Published: 28 May, 2026
Updated: 28 May, 2026

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. Fortis Memorial Research Institute 

Situated at the heart of the city of Gurgaon, the Fortis Memorial Research Institute is widely considered as one of the finest oncology centres in India. The hospital has a separate multidisciplinary board, which provides different treatment procedures for the patients depending on their health condition and the spread of the disease. The radiation department of the centre is equipped with various advanced technologies provided by BrainLab and Elekta. On the other hand, the surgical oncologist team of the centre is quite versatile as well and can treat sarcoma, endocrine tumour, breast cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, etc. The FMRI has a high success rate (around 75%) in treating leukaemia and other types of blood cancer. Additionally, the hospital is also known to be highly efficient in radiation oncology. As per reports, the hospital has treated around 4,000 cancer patients in the last three to four years and has been successful in most cases.

  1. Venkateshwar Hospital

Unlike a few other alternatives in this list, the Venkateshwar Hospital is somewhat new in the scene. However, owing to its doctors' overall proficiency and technological abilities, the centre didn't take much time to cement its place in the health industry of India. The Informational technology department of this place is pretty top-notch. The members of this team can diagnose almost any type of cancer quite proficiently. Also, the hospital is known to be the best in treating blood cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, and highly-complicated liver cancer. The treatment cost of Venkateshwar Hospital is also quite affordable, to say the least. So, if you are looking for a rather value-for-money option, then this one would be a perfect option for you.

  1. Max Smart Super Speciality Hospital

Situated at the capital of India, the Max Speciality Hospital is mainly known for its high success rate in treating the colon and stomach cancer. However, it also does provide treatments in several other aspects, such as blood cancer, cervical cancer, cancer of lungs and its surrounding areas, head & neck cancer, and many more. The Max Speciality Hospital is a lot more superior to many other institutes when it comes to technology. It uses the coveted Da Vinci Robotic System to treat cervical, prostate, and head tumours. Moreover, the centre is also quite popular due to its proficiency in radiosurgery. It has acquired several international-level certifications because of its expertise in this field.

  1. Indraprastha Apollo Hospital 

When talking about the most respected and popular cancer research centres in India, the first name that comes to the mind is Indraprastha Apollo Hospital. Since its inception in 1996, the centre has successfully catered to a plethora of cancer patients. The biggest strength of this place is its doctors who are highly skilled and experienced in their respective areas. One of the most notable things about the Indraprastha Apollo Hospital is its usage of technology. To diagnose their patients, the physicians of this place use an accelerator called Novalis Tx. It is known to be quite efficient in this field and offers the doctors a three-dimensional vision of the patient’s body to locate the disease. Moreover, the surgical-based tools of the centre are also quite sophisticated and work perfectly in several aspects.

  1. Artemis Health Institute

Established in the year 2007, the Artemis Health Institute did not take much time to become popular in the scene of cancer treatment. Unlike a few other options here, the section where this medical centre truly excels is the diagnosis of the disease. With its state-of-the-art technology, the hospital can offer precise BMD-Dexa scan, fluoroscopy, MRI-3T, etc. The department of Nuclear Medicine, too, has some superior technologies in their armoury. The members of the team can use Gamma camera imaging as well as stress thallium for diagnosis purposes. The AHI also houses one of the best oncologists in all over India, Dr H. Goyal. He has many years of experience in this arena and is highly skilled in Neo-adjuvant, Adjuvant, and Medical Oncology.

Treatment of the following cancers are available in India:

  • Musculoskeletal cancer: Bone Cancer, and Soft Tissue Sarcoma
  • Neurological cancer: A brain tumor, Pituitary Tumor, Neuroblastoma, and Primary Central Nervous System (CNS) Lymphoma
  • Respiratory Cancer: Ling cancer, and Malignant Mesothelioma
  • Skin cancer: Melanoma, Kaposi Sarcoma, and Merkel Cell Carcinoma
  • Hematological cancer: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Chronic Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, and Myelodysplastic Syndromes
  • Head and neck cancer: Oral cavity cancer, Parathyroid cancer, Nasopharyngeal cancer, Throat cancer, Lip cancer, Thyroid cancer
  • Gynecological cancer: Ovarian cancer, Vaginal cancer, Endometrial cancer, Uterine cancer, Cervical cancer, Fallopian tube cancer
  • Genitourinary cancer: Renal cancer, Bladder cancer, Prostate cancer, Urethral Cancer, Testicular cancer
  • Eye: Retinoblastoma, Intraocular melanoma
  • Breast cancer: Male breast cancer, female breast cancer, childhood breast cancer
  • Gastrointestinal Cancer: Anal Cancer, Rectal Cancer, Colon Cancer, Small Intestine Cancer, Stomach (Gastric) Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, Liver Cancer, Bile Duct Cancer, Gallbladder Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer

Many hospitals in India are technically advanced and incorporates the latest cancer treatment in their strategy. Almost all the common cancer treatment options available in the world are available in India. Some of them are:

  • In chemotherapy, the cancer cells are destroyed through chemicals.
  • Radiation therapy: High energy radiations are used to kill cancer cells.
  • Surgery: Surgery is done to remove cancer cells or tumors. Surgery can be done along with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
  • Targeted Therapy: These are the drugs that specifically target the cancer cells.
  • Immunotherapy: These drugs boost the immune system to fight against cancer cells.
  • Precision medicine: Precision medicine is a highly customized medicine for patients based on their genetic structure.
  • Stem cell therapy: Stem cell transplantation is done to treat various hematological malignancies.
  • Hormone therapy: Hormone therapy is used in those malignancies which require hormones to grow and spread. It includes breast cancer and prostate cancer. The cost of treatment depends upon the type and stage of cancer. Cancer with advanced stages requires aggressive therapy and thus have greater cost as compared to cancer with early stages. The overall cost of treatment also depends upon the number of sessions and the type of drugs used.

Following are the top oncologists in India:

  1. Dr. Suresh Advani: Dr. Suresh Advani is an MBBS and MD and has more than 40 years of experience. He is presently the Senior Consultant at Jaslok Hospital, Mumbai.
  2. Dr. Aruna Chandrasekhran: Dr. Aruna Chandrasekhran is an MBBS, MS, and M.Ch., and has more than 40 years of experience. She is presently working as Senior Consultant, Global Hospitals, Chennai.
  3. Dr. Rajesh Mistry: Dr. Rajesh Mistry is a Senior Oncology surgeon with a specialization in head and neck cancer surgeries. He is an MBBS and MS, has more than 25 years of experience, and is presently associated with Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai.
  4. Dr. Sandeep Nayak: Dr. Sandeep Nayak is an MBBS, DNB (General surgery), and DNB (Surgical oncology). He has more than 20 years of clinical experience and is presently the Director of Surgical Oncology at Fortis Hospital, Bangalore.
  5. Dr. Sabyasachi Bal: Dr. Sabyasachi Bal is an MBBS, MS, and DNB with more than 30 years of experience. He is presently associated WITH Fortis FLT. LT. Rajan Dhall Hospital, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi.

  1. Delhi-NCR: The doctors In Delhi-NCR are experienced, and connectivity from all over the world put Delhi into top cities for cancer treatment, both national and international patients. Hospitals that offer cancer treatment in Delhi are BL Kapoor Hospital, Indraprastha Apollo, Fortis, and Max Superspeciality Hospital.
  2. Mumbai: Mumbai has various hospitals that have advanced technology to treat cancer. Hospitals offer cancer treatment includes Jaslok, Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani, Nanavati, Tata Memorial, and Jaslok Hospital.
  3. Chennai: Some of the hospitals that are offering world-class treatment for cancer patients are Global Hospital, Apollo, and MIOT International.
  4. Bangalore: Various hospitals in Bangalore offers high-quality treatment for cancer patients with high success rates. Some of the best hospitals in Bangalore for cancer treatment are Manipal Hospital, Aster Hospital, Apollo Hospital, and Global Hospitals.

India has the best multispecialty hospitals that offer world-class medical treatment at an affordable cost. These hospitals can do all kinds of surgeries and they have several specialties. The general medical needs of patients are also taken care of by these hospitals. The topmost multispecialty hospitals in India are:

  1. BLK Super Specialty, Delhi
  2. Medanta Medicity Hospital, Gurgaon,
  3. Apollo Hospital, Delhi
  4. Nanavati Hospital, Mumbai
  5. Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon
  6. Fortis Hospital, Noida

The proficiency of Indian doctors is well considered the world over considering their excellent skills and the precision with which they apply the skills to treat patients. Their confidence in meeting and overcoming newer healthcare challenges has ensured that doctors in India are sought after by patients all over the world. The doctors in India have been educated at premier educational institutions across the world. There is a personal touch that Indian doctors and surgeons provide you with and the best of medical care.

Popular procedures that are being performed in India are:

  1. Valvular Heart Surgery
  2. Knee Replacement Surgery
  3. Bone Marrow Transplant
  4. Lung Transplant
  5. Thoracic Surgery
  6. LVAD Implantation
  7. Meniscus Repair Surgery
  8. CT Coronary Angiogram
  9. Hand Surgery
  10. Heart Blockage Treatment
  11. Hip Resurfacing Surgery
  12. Interventional Cardiography,
  13. Angioplasty
  14. Cochlear Implant
  15. Pacemaker Implantation
  16. Robotic Heart Surgery
  17. Coronary Heart Disease Treatment
  18. Coronary Angioplasty
  19. Bariatric Surgery
  20. Chemotherapy
  21. Ankle Replacement
  22. Kidney Transplant

The popular procedures performed in India are upgraded regularly with the increasing advancements in the medical and surgical fields. Heart surgeries, orthopaedic procedures, organ transplants and cancer treatment are on a growth path in India because of the exceptionally good doctors and the lower cost of surgery and treatments. A strength that aids the growth in the number of popular procedures available in India is the abundance of good hospitals and healthcare facilities.

Hospitals in India offer world-class facilities to international patients to ensure safety and comfort throughout their stay in India. There are international patient care centers available in hospitals in India which aid and assist all international medical tourists. Your needs and requirements as a medical traveller in India are met by the hospitals by going the extra mile. Some of the facilities available at hospitals in India are room reservation, visa assistance, embassy assistance, hotel services/apartment bookings, language interpretation services, tele-consults, and pre departure evaluation.

FAQ's Related to India

India has the best multispecialty hospitals that offer world-class medical treatment at an affordable cost. These hospitals can do all kinds of surgeries and they have several specialties. The general medical needs of patients are also taken care of by these hospitals. The topmost multispecialty hospitals in India are:

  1. BLK Super Specialty, Delhi
  2. Medanta Medicity Hospital, Gurgaon,
  3. Apollo Hospital, Delhi
  4. Nanavati Hospital, Mumbai
  5. Artemis Hospital, Gurgaon
  6. Fortis Hospital, Noida

The proficiency of Indian doctors is well considered the world over considering their excellent skills and the precision with which they apply the skills to treat patients. Their confidence in meeting and overcoming newer healthcare challenges has ensured that doctors in India are sought after by patients all over the world. The doctors in India have been educated at premier educational institutions across the world. There is a personal touch that Indian doctors and surgeons provide you with and the best of medical care.

Popular procedures that are being performed in India are:

  1. Valvular Heart Surgery
  2. Knee Replacement Surgery
  3. Bone Marrow Transplant
  4. Lung Transplant
  5. Thoracic Surgery
  6. LVAD Implantation
  7. Meniscus Repair Surgery
  8. CT Coronary Angiogram
  9. Hand Surgery
  10. Heart Blockage Treatment
  11. Hip Resurfacing Surgery
  12. Interventional Cardiography,
  13. Angioplasty
  14. Cochlear Implant
  15. Pacemaker Implantation
  16. Robotic Heart Surgery
  17. Coronary Heart Disease Treatment
  18. Coronary Angioplasty
  19. Bariatric Surgery
  20. Chemotherapy
  21. Ankle Replacement
  22. Kidney Transplant

The popular procedures performed in India are upgraded regularly with the increasing advancements in the medical and surgical fields. Heart surgeries, orthopaedic procedures, organ transplants and cancer treatment are on a growth path in India because of the exceptionally good doctors and the lower cost of surgery and treatments. A strength that aids the growth in the number of popular procedures available in India is the abundance of good hospitals and healthcare facilities.

Hospitals in India offer world-class facilities to international patients to ensure safety and comfort throughout their stay in India. There are international patient care centers available in hospitals in India which aid and assist all international medical tourists. Your needs and requirements as a medical traveller in India are met by the hospitals by going the extra mile. Some of the facilities available at hospitals in India are room reservation, visa assistance, embassy assistance, hotel services/apartment bookings, language interpretation services, tele-consults, and pre departure evaluation.