A surgical technique called spinal decompression and fixation is used to support the spine and relieve pressure on the spinal nerves. Herniated discs, spinal stenosis, degenerative disc disease, fractures, and spondylolisthesis are among the disorders for which it is commonly performed. To stabilise the spine and stop additional movement and pain, a piece of the bone or disc material is removed, compressing the nerves (decompression). This is followed by the use of screws, rods, plates, or bone grafts (fixation).
From the cervical region of the neck to the lumbar region of the lower back, spinal decompression can be carried out anywhere on the spine.
A surgical incision is made in the posterior region of the back to perform the treatment. The bone that forms the rear of the spinal canal and serves as a roof over the spinal cord is called the lamina. Bone spurs can be removed and more space for nerves is created by removing the lamina and other soft tissues. Depending on the degree of stenosis, one vertebra (single-level) or more (multi-level) may be affected.
- Imaging and Planning: The surgeon can use precise imaging to identify the afflicted area and design the decompression and fixation technique.
- Anaesthesia: General anaesthesia is used during the procedure.
- Decompression: The surgeon removes the soft tissue or bone compressing the spinal cord or nerves.
- Fixation: To support the spine and encourage vertebral fusion, titanium screws, rods, plates, or cages are utilised.
- Closure of the Wound: A sterile dressing is applied, and the incision is sealed with staples or sutures.
- Post-operative Imaging: X-rays or CT scans may be performed to verify the hardware's positioning.
- Infection at the surgery site
- Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis)
- Hardware failure or malfunction
- Spinal fluid leak
- Nerve damage that results in weakness or numbness
- Recurrent or chronic pain
- Pseudoarthrosis, or nonunion or partial bone fusion
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