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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can be temporarily removed from the brain's ventricles via an external ventricular drainage procedure (EVD). CSF surrounds the brain and spinal cord, aiding in their defense. The brain's ventricles are the regions that hold this fluid. This page provides you with information about external ventricular drainage and what to expect when your child undergoes this procedure, courtesy of Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH). The brain ventricle is punctured with a catheter, a tiny plastic tube, which is used in the external ventricular drainage (EVD) system. This is linked to an external drainage system.
Factors affecting the cost of the External Ventricular Drainage:
- Hospital Fees: A substantial portion of the total expense of EVD is related to hospital fees. This covers overhead expenditures, personnel wages, administrative fees, and costs related to using hospital facilities.
- Procedure Complexity: An EVD procedure's cost may vary depending on how complicated it is. If there are any issues with the drain's insertion or maintenance, more resources might be needed, which would raise the final cost.
- Medical Supplies and Equipment: The price of the supplies and equipment needed for the EVD process, such as dressings, catheters, tubing, sterile drapes, and the drain itself, can add a substantial amount to the final cost.
- Physician Fees: The total cost will also be impacted by the professional fees that the neurosurgeon or other physician performing the EVD procedure will charge. This could change depending on the surgeon's background, area of specialization, and region.
- Anesthesia Fees: These costs will be added to the total cost of the EVD operation if general anesthesia or sedation is needed. These fees may vary depending on the kind and length of anesthetic used.
- Hospital Stay: The total cost may vary depending on how long a patient must stay in the hospital for EVD insertion and the following monitoring. Room and board, nursing care, and other related services will cost more during extended hospital stays.
- Diagnostic Examinations and Monitoring: Before, during, and after the implantation of an EVD, additional diagnostic examinations such as imaging investigations (such as CT scans and MRIs) and monitoring (such as intracranial pressure monitoring) may be required. The expense is increased overall by these tests and monitoring.
- Complications and Follow-up Care: Adverse events resulting after the implantation of an EVD, such as bleeding or infections, may require further medical attention, prescription drugs, or surgery. One should think about how much it will cost to manage these issues and provide follow-up care.
- Geographical Location: Local market dynamics and a patient's geographic location might affect the cost of healthcare services. In comparison to rural areas, hospitals in urban areas or places with higher cost of life may charge more.
| Country | Cost | Local_currency |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | USD 2545 - 5053 | 2011 - 3992 |
| Turkey | USD 2299 - 5653 | 69292 - 170381 |
| Spain | USD 2000 | 1840 |
| United States | USD 3000 - 5600 | 3000 - 5600 |
| Singapore | USD 1300 - 3200 | 1742 - 4288 |
An external ventricular drain (EVD), also referred to as ventriculostomy or extra ventricular drain, is a neurosurgical device used to manage hydrocephalus and reduce elevated intracranial pressure caused by blockages in the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain.
The temporary drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the lateral ventricles of the brain or the lumbar area of the spine into an external collection bag is known as external drainage and monitoring. Using a mix of gravity and intracerebral pressure, an external ventricular drainage (EVD) system drains CSF. The rate of drainage is determined by the height of the EVD system in relation to the patient's anatomy.
In neurocritical care, EVDs are used to:
- Reduce high intracranial pressure (ICP)
- CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) that has become infectious should be drained
- After surgery or a hemorrhage, drain any crimson CSF or blood
- Keep an eye on the CSF flow rate
- Patients undergoing open TAA/TAAA repair surgery or who become symptomatic after surgery should have their CSF removed
Types of drainage used in EVD:
- Continuous drainage
- Intermittent drainage
External ventricular drainage (EVD) decreases increased intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by trauma, disease, haemorrhage, or excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). While the underlying brain pathology is being treated, EVD drains CSF, monitors ICP, and stabilises the patient. In subarachnoid haemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, or hydrocephalus, EVD can be life-saving.
You should seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms of increased intracranial pressure: a sudden headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, visual changes, confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness. These may indicate the need for brain imaging immediately and the possible placement of an EVD.
There is limited planning since EVD is often done in an emergency. Blood test, coagulation studies, and imaging (CT or MRI) are conducted in a planned scenario. The scalp is cleaned and sterilised after consent is obtained. Depending on their well-being, patients can be sedated or under general anaesthesia.
- A neurosurgeon places a catheter in the ventricular system of the brain following creation of a minute hole (burr hole) in the cranium, normally in the forehead bone.
- To measure and control intracranial pressure and to let CSF be drained out, the catheter is connected to an external draining and monitoring unit.
- The drain is pitched to a definite level to control the flow.
The procedure takes 30–60 minutes. The drain is left in place for a few days to weeks based on the underlying condition and response to treatment. Hospitalisation varies with the severity of illness.
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Hematoma
- Catheter blockage
EVD can quickly lower brain pressure, halt further brain injury, and allow continued draining and monitoring of the CSF. When needed, it serves as a bridge to more definitive treatments, such as a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt and is essential in treating life-threatening diseases.
In critical care, patients are monitored. Nursing staff continually monitor neurological status and adjust the drainage system. Antibiotics can be given to prevent infection. Once the underlying issue has stabilised, the EVD may be clamped and removed. Neurological exams and repeat imaging monitor continuing care.
The solution's success depends on the underlying illness and how fast the solution is applied. EVD can significantly reduce mortality and improve neurological outcomes in emergency conditions. Sterile procedures and proper management increase overall effectiveness and reduce problems.
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Get Help Explore Hospitals ( 88 )
Kalra Hospital
Delhi, India
Kalra Hospitals, regarded as one of Delhi's best hospitals, is dedicated to providing high-quality healthcare to people in need and has four locations: Dwarka, Kirti Nagar, Najafgarh, and Palam. The skilled physicians, who specialize in critical care and cardiovascular conditions, are committed to giving our patients comprehensive medical care. In addition to its emphasis on heart health, Kalra Hospitals offers services in the following areas: dentistry, endocrinology, gastroenterology, rheumatology, burns and plastic surgery, cancer therapy, and vascular medicine.
Indian Spinal Injuries Centre
Delhi, India
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Indian Spinal Injuries Centre and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (INR) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2535 - 5071 | 209052 - 415907 |
| Standard EVD | 1215 - 3046 | 99392 - 248786 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 1523 - 3563 | 124524 - 291256 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2031 - 4057 | 165969 - 334258 |
- Address: Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, IAA Colony, Sector D, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- Facilities related to Indian Spinal Injuries Centre: Choice of Meals, SIM, TV inside room, Accommodation, Airport Transfer
Medical Park Canakkale Hospital
Canakkale, Turkey
Types of External Ventricular Drainage in Medical Park Canakkale Hospital and its associated cost
| Treatment Option | Approximate Cost Range (USD) | Approximate Cost Range (TRY) |
|---|---|---|
| External Ventricular Drainage (Overall) | 2290 - 5519 | 66872 - 167125 |
| Standard EVD | 1710 - 3880 | 50950 - 120952 |
| Minimally Invasive EVD | 2204 - 4401 | 66792 - 132712 |
| EVD with Intracranial Pressure Monitoring | 2770 - 5526 | 83336 - 166603 |
- Address: Hamidiye,
- Facilities related to Medical Park Canakkale Hospital: Choice of Meals, Interpreter, SIM, TV inside room, Accommodation
NMC Specialty Hospital Al Salam
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Apart from in-detail treatment procedures available, NMC Specialty Hospital Al Salam located in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia has a wide variety of facilities available for International Patients. Some of the facilities which are provided by them are Accommodation, Airport Transfer, Choice of Meals, Interpreter, SIM, TV inside room. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- The hospital is situated at a prime location with easy access from Mecca-Khurais Road and Al-Imam Shafi road
- 100 Hospital Rooms
- 25 Intensive Care Units with modern equipment
- 24-hour Pharmacy
- 24-hour Emergency Services
- Laboratory
University Hospital Quironsalud Madrid
Madrid, Spain
Apart from in-detail treatment procedures available, University Hospital Quironsalud Madrid located in Madrid, Spain has a wide variety of facilities available for International Patients. Some of the facilities which are provided by them are Accommodation, Airport Transfer, Choice of Meals, Interpreter, SIM, TV inside room. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- 54,000 square meters is the area of the hospital.
- It has huge healthcare capacities with an annual number of 300,000 plus consultations and surgical procedures.
- The hospital has 39 medical as well as surgical disciplines.
- There are a variety of rooms available in the hospital which includes 235 individual rooms, as many as 57 suites with 4 royal rooms, 14 Intensive Care unit beds, 8 pediatric ICU beds and 18 Neonatal ICU beds.
- There are over 70 out-patient clinics present in the hospital.
- Quironsalud Madrid University Hospital, Madrid has 21 advanced operation rooms.
- It also possesses one da Vinci surgical robot.
- The international patient care of the hospital is top notch.
Medstar Antalya Hospital
Ankara, Turkey
- Medstar Antalya Hospital has been providing patients with modern medical services since 2009.
- It is part of the trusted Memorial Health Group, which is known for expert healthcare in Turkey.
- The hospital is situated on a large campus and features advanced medical equipment and facilities.
- It has 124 comfortable beds for patients and five fully prepared operating rooms for surgeries.
- There are 33 intensive care beds, including specialised units for newborns who require additional support.
- The hospital treats many health issues like cancer, heart problems, brain conditions, and more.
- Modern machines, such as MRI, CT, and PET-CT, help doctors identify and treat problems quickly and safely.
- Medstar meets international safety and care standards and is trusted by both local and global patients.
- Care plans are made specially for each person, and emotional well-being is also supported.
- Its location in Antalya makes it easy to reach and ideal for people coming from other countries for treatment.
Vinmec Smart City Hospital
Ha noi, Vietnam
- Vietnam’s growing population and rising expectations for medical quality have put increasing pressure on the national healthcare system.
- Many public hospitals are operating at full capacity, resulting in long waiting times and limited access to advanced treatments.
- There is a clear need for well-equipped private hospitals that can offer efficient, modern, and internationally standardised healthcare.
- To meet this demand, Vinmec Smart City International Hospital was established in the rapidly developing Vinhomes Smart City area of Hanoi.
- The hospital was designed with the capacity to serve tens of thousands of patients annually, addressing both local and international healthcare needs.
- Vinmec Smart City International Hospital officially opened in October 2024, marking the eighth addition to the Vinmec healthcare network.
- The facility spans a large, modern campus and comprises 14 specialised departments, covering areas such as surgery, obstetrics, rehabilitation, and internal medicine.
- It integrates high-end medical technologies sourced from globally recognised brands to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.
- A significant innovation is the implementation of a fully digital electronic medical records system, enabling the fast and secure sharing of patient data among healthcare teams.
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools are applied in various clinical processes, such as disease screening, diagnosis, and designing personalised treatment plans.
- The hospital also features a dedicated Cell and Gene Therapy Centre, offering breakthrough therapies such as CAR-T cell therapy for cancer patients, thereby positioning the hospital at the forefront of medical advancements.
- The hospital strives to deliver exceptional medical care that meets international healthcare standards, prioritising safety, quality, and a patient-centred approach.
- It aims to alleviate pressure on overloaded public hospitals by providing high-quality, efficient, and accessible private medical services.
- By combining innovation, skilled professionals, and modern infrastructure, Vinmec Smart City strives to become a regional leader in medical excellence.
- The long-term vision includes becoming a referral centre for complex treatments, not only in Vietnam but also across Southeast Asia.
Vinmec Nha Trang
Nha Trang, Vietnam
- Located on Tran Phu Street in Vinh Nguyen Ward, Nha Trang City, is a prime area easily accessible to residents and tourists.
- Built on a total area of over 19,000 ?, with eight above-ground floors and one basement, designed to support modern healthcare delivery.
- Provides private inpatient rooms, each with one bed, ensuring comfort and personalised care for every patient.
- Holds international accreditation from a globally recognised body (JCI), reflecting a strong commitment to safety, quality, and patient-centred care.
- Equipped with advanced imaging systems and diagnostic tools to support accurate and timely treatment.
- Offers services across primary specialities, including cardiology, paediatrics, obstetrics, surgery, and diagnostics.
- Utilises digital healthcare systems to streamline operations and enhance treatment precision.
- Staffed by a team of experts who are regularly trained through partnerships with global medical institutions in countries like France, Japan, the U.S., and Singapore.
- Welcomes both Vietnamese and international patients, promoting high-quality care and regional medical tourism.
- Operates as part of a nationwide private hospital network developed by Vingroup, focused on delivering premium healthcare across Vietnam.
- Built with strict sterilisation and infection control standards to protect patient health.
- Continuously updates its technology and practices to align with global medical advancements.
Vinmec Can Tho Hospital
Can Tho, Vietnam
- Located in the heart of Can Tho city, it addresses the growing healthcare needs of the Mekong Delta region.
- Regional access to international-standard medical services was limited, especially in southern Vietnam.
- Rising demand for modern infrastructure and specialised healthcare due to population growth and urbanisation.
- Established as the 9th hospital in the Vinmec Healthcare System, covering 41,000+ ? with six floors and 155 beds.
- Launched with 21 medical specialities and centres, supported by advanced medical equipment and highly qualified personnel.
- Implemented cutting-edge technology (e.g., 3.0 Tesla MRI, 512-slice CT scanner, digital mammography, AI-integrated mobile X-ray).
- Rolled out incentive programs for community engagement (e.g., free health screenings, discounted cancer checkups).
- Built an expert-led service model focused on early screening, precise diagnosis, and modern treatment protocols.
- To deliver world-class healthcare locally and reduce the need for patients to travel to major cities for treatment.
- To improve public health outcomes in the Mekong Delta by combining advanced technology with expert care.
- To align with Vinmec's mission of providing high-quality, patient-centred care and promoting innovation in Vietnamese healthcare
Batra Hospital
Delhi, India
- More than 35 years of trusted healthcare service
- Multi-specialty tertiary care with over 30 departments
- Comprehensive preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic care under one roof
- International patient coordination team for seamless overseas care
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+99Process Involved for External Ventricular Drainage
- Consultation: To assess symptoms and determine if EVD is warranted, make an appointment with a neurosurgeon or neurologist.
- Preoperative Assessment: To verify the diagnosis of hydrocephalus or other illness necessitating EVD, take a patient's medical history and symptoms and perform imaging studies.
- Treatment Discussion: Based on the patient's condition, decide whether EVD is the most appropriate course of action or whether other treatments could be considered.
- Surgical Planning: Discuss the procedure's benefits, risks, and expected recovery with the patient.
- After Surgery Follow-up: Monitor recovery, deal with any issue, and check the procedure's effectiveness with follow-up imaging and symptom checking.
- Acute Hydrocephalus
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Brain Tumors
- Infections
- Acute Hydrocephalus (increased intracranial pressure due to fluid buildup)
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) (with hydrocephalus or brain swelling)
- Intracranial Hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain)
- Brain Tumors
- Post-Surgical Drainage
- Infections (such as meningitis, requiring pressure relief)
- Reduced Intracranial Pressure
- Improved Neurological Function
- Prevention of Further Brain Damage
- Stabilisation of the Patient’s Condition
- Neurologist
- Neurosurgeon
- Fill out the inquiry form: Fill out the form to provide us with the relevant information about your condition.
- Consult with Our Healthcare Expert: One of our qualified specialists will contact you for a consultation.
- Receive a Detailed Treatment Plan: After examining your situation, we will provide you with a detailed treatment plan that includes expert views and cost breakdowns for various choices.
- Choose your preferred option: Choose the treatment option that suits you the best.
