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Total abdominal colectomy is a surgical procedure of removing the large intestine from the ileum to the rectum. It is a type of a bowel surgery used as a colon cancer surgery. It is also known as colon resection surgery. After removal, the end of the small intestine is sewn to the rectum. This procedure is also called Ileorectal anastomosis; Subtotal colectomy.
A total colectomy is performed to treat severe or widespread diseases of the colon that cannot be managed with medication or less invasive procedures. To allow bowel movements to proceed properly through the anus, the entire colon is removed, and the small intestine is connected to the rectum.
If you have severe abdominal pain, uncontrollable bleeding, chronic or worsening bowel symptoms, or a colon problem that does not improve with medical treatment, you should visit a doctor for a total colectomy.
A thorough medical evaluation, blood testing, imaging, and colon cleansing, as directed by the surgeon, are components of preparation for a total colectomy.Before the procedure, patients may need to stop taking certain medications, follow a specific diet, and fast for a few hours.
During a total colectomy, the entire colon is removed by the surgeon using open or minimally invasive methods while the patient is under general anaesthesia. Depending on the patient's health, the small intestine is either brought out as a stoma or attached to the rectum.
A total colectomy procedure usually takes 2 to 4 hours, depending on the surgical approach and the complexity of the patient’s condition.
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Blood Clots
- Injury to Nearby Organs
- Bowel Obstruction
- Anesthesia Reactions
- Ileus
When alternative treatments have failed, a total colectomy can alleviate severe symptoms, address major colon illnesses, avoid potentially fatal complications, and enhance overall quality of life.
Recovery after a total colectomy typically involves a hospital stay for monitoring, gradual reintroduction of diet, pain management, and wound care. Most patients can resume normal activities within a few weeks, depending on the rate of healing and overall health.
Total colectomy has a high success rate in treating severe colon conditions, with studies reporting 80-95% patient satisfaction or significant symptom improvement, and most patients experience substantial symptom relief and improved quality of life when experienced surgeons perform the procedure.
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+99Process Involved for Total Colectomy
Diagnosis & Pre-Surgical Evaluation
- Colonoscopy, imaging (CT/MRI), and blood tests
- Assessment of overall health and surgical fitness
Pre-Surgery Preparations
- Bowel cleansing, fasting, and medication adjustments
- Discussion of surgical approach (open, laparoscopic, or robotic)
Procedure
- Removal of the entire colon
- Connection of the small intestine to the rectum or creation of an ileostomy
Post-Surgical Recovery
- Hospital stay, pain management, and gradual diet reintroduction
- Monitoring for complications and wound care
Long-Term Follow-Up
- Regular check-ups, nutritional guidance, and bowel function monitoring
- Ulcerative Colitis
- Colorectal Cancer
- Crohn’s Disease
- Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
- Severe Bowel Obstruction or Perforation
- Recurrent Bleeding or Infection
- Patients who are not responding to medical treatment due to severe or chronic intestinal disorders
- People with diseases, including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer, or intestinal blockage
- Individuals with a high risk of colon cancer, frequent bleeding, or perforation
- People who, based on their general health and clinical assessment, are medically fit to have major surgery
If needed, the doctor may also suggest additional procedures such as:
- Ileorectal Anastomosis
- Ileostomy
- Laparoscopic or Robotic-Assisted Surgery
- Partial Colectomy
- Proctocolectomy
- Stoma Reversal Surgery
- Relieves severe or chronic colon symptoms such as pain, bleeding, and diarrhoea
- Treats life-threatening conditions like colorectal cancer or perforation
- Prevents complications from progressive colon diseases
- Reduces the risk of cancer in patients with genetic conditions
- Improves overall quality of life when other treatments have failed
- Can be combined with minimally invasive techniques for faster recovery
- Significant alleviation of persistent bowel problems and abdominal pain
- Management or treatment of the underlying colon disease
- Decreased chance of potentially fatal consequences including bleeding or perforation
- Enhanced digestion and general well-being
- Possible removal of drugs linked to illness in numerous situations
- Gradual transition to regular bowel motions or, if necessary, stoma care
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