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When a person has a diseased or damaged spleen (due to trauma, disease, etc.) that is causing harm to their body rather than being protective, it may be necessary to remove the spleen. A person can develop anemia as a result of the spleen destroying healthy red blood cells, develop low platelet counts from the same cause, and may develop frequent infections as a result of the spleen destroying their blood cells.
Persistent pain or fullness in the upper left area of your abdomen; unexplained fatigue; frequent infections; easy bruising or bleeding; symptoms of anemia (low level of red blood cells) or low platelet counts.
Before surgery, patients undergo a thorough medical examination, blood tests, diagnostic imaging (including ultrasound or CT scan), and an assessment for anaesthesia. In many instances, they are also recommended the necessary immunisations to reduce the risk of developing a post-splenectomy infection.
The two methods used to remove the spleen are laparoscopic (minimally invasive) and traditional or open splenectomy.
- The laparoscopic method utilises very small incisions and a specialised instrument with a video camera to visualise the surgical field.
- There is a larger incision used in the open surgery technique, which is typically used when patients have sustained trauma to the spleen or if the spleen is very large.
Depending on the complexity of the patient's case and the surgical method used, the average time required to perform a splenectomy ranges from 1 to 3 hours. The laparoscopic technique typically will take less time to perform and patients generally recover faster with this approach compared to the traditional/open splenectomy.
- Excessive bleeding during or after surgery
- Infection
- Injury to nearby organs
- Blood clots
- Anesthesia-related risks
- Overwhelming Post-Splenectomy Infection (OPSI)
- Improved blood counts
- Relief from symptoms
- Prevention of complications
- Better disease control
- Enhanced quality of life
Recovery time varies with the surgical technique employed. Recovery time for laparoscopic splenectomy is generally between two and four weeks, but recovery following open-splenic surgery may take four to six weeks. Hospital length of stay following these procedures is typically 2-7 days.
The success rates for splenectomy to treat immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are extremely high (70-90 %), and many people have a complete or partial response to surgery. While the symptoms of ITP can typically be managed using surgery as a second-line treatment option, relapses may occur.
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+99Process Involved for Splenectomy
- Preoperative assessment includes bloodtests, diagnostic imaging, and vaccinations.
- The surgical procedure consists of excising the spleen through either an open or minimally invasive (laparoscopic) approach.
- Postoperatively, patients are examined for potential complications, including bleeding, pain, and infection.
- Patients will undergo a recovery process, with subsequent follow-up appointments, until they are fully functional.
- Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
- Hereditary spherocytosis
- Thalassemia and other hemolytic anemias
- Splenic trauma or rupture
- Splenic tumors and cysts
- Hypersplenism
- Certain lymphomas and leukemias
- Open splenectomy is performed using an abdominal incision and traditional techniques.
- Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is performed with fewer and smaller incisions, resulting in reduced morbidity.
- Partial splenectomy (PS) refers to the removal of part of the spleen for the same reasons as splenectomies but with the intent of preserving some degree of immunological function.
- Individuals with hematological malignancies or disorders who do not respond to conventional therapies.
- Individuals with splenic rupture or splenic haematoma.
- Individuals affected by some types of cancer or solid tumours located at the spleen.
- Individuals with splenic injury resulting in intra-abdominal bleeding.
- Individuals who are medically suitable for surgical treatment.
- Blood transfusion if required
- Laparoscopic diagnostic procedures
- Biopsy of splenic tissue
- Vaccination administration before surgery
- Removal of accessory spleens if present
- Improved platelet and hemoglobin levels
- Reduction in spleen-related pain and discomfort
- Prevention of life-threatening complications
- Better disease control in blood-related disorders
- Enhanced overall quality of life
- Stabilisation of blood counts
- Symptom relief within weeks of surgery
- Reduced dependency on long-term medications
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