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| City | Cost (USD) | |
|---|---|---|
| Cape Town | $5,000 – $20,000 | Explore More |
| Johannesburg | $5,000 – $20,000 | Explore More |
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Cervical cancer is an abnormal growth of cancer cells that starts in the cervix. The cervix is the narrow part of the lower uterus. It is the entrance of the uterus, often referred to as the neck of the womb. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women around the world. It is the fourth leading cause of death caused by cancer in women. However, the important thing to note is that cervical cancer is also one of the most preventable types of cancer and early diagnosis of the disease can improve the mortality rate amongst patients.
A dramatic reduction in cervical cancer occurrence is primarily due to the widespread use of advanced screening tests such as pap tests to detect cervical abnormalities and allow for early treatment.
Under normal circumstances, the ectocervix is covered with flat, thin cells called squamous cells, and the endocervix is made up of another kind of cells called columnar cells. The area where these cells meet is called the transformation (T) zone. The T zone is the most likely location for cervical cancer cells to develop.
A majority of cervical cancer cases occur because of a virus called human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a sexually transmitted virus. It can transfer through sexual contact with an infected male partner.
There are many types of the HPV virus and not all types of HPV cause cervical cancer. Some of the HPV may cause genital warts. Some other cervical cancer risk factors include smoking, weak immune system, oral contraceptives, and multiple pregnancies.
More than 90 percent of the cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinoma. The second most common type of cervical cancer is adenocarcinoma. Adenosquamous carcinomas or mixed carcinomas are some of the rare types of cervical cancer.
Treatment for cervical cancer aims to either remove or destroy cancer cells, preventing further disease progression or spread. Treatment depends on the stage of cancer, its pathology, and the patient's overall well-being and reproductive goals.
Consult your doctor should abnormal vaginal bleeding occur along with pelvic pain, pain on coitus, or if abnormal vaginal discharges develop. Screening methods such as Pap smear and HPV testing are essential in early detection, even in asymptomatic cases.
Preparation involves confirmation of diagnosis by biopsy and appropriate imaging studies, such as MRI versus CT scans. You may have to stop or adjust medications under the care of your doctor. You could consider fertility options for preservation and arrange for transportation and support at home during the recovery.
Treatment depends on the stage of the disease. Surgery is the treatment of choice for early-stage cancer and includes hysterectomy. Radiation and chemotherapy are used together when the patient has more advanced disease. Chemotherapy, targeted drugs, and immunotherapy are advanced or metastatic cancer options.
Surgery takes 1.5 to 4 hours. Radiation treatments are short and given daily over several weeks. Chemotherapy is given in cycles that can last anywhere from a few weeks to several months, depending on the treatment plan in place.
Treatment may be curative in the early stages, while it relieves symptoms, controls the disease, and improves survival and quality of life in the advanced stages. Therapeutic advances continue to improve outcomes even with advanced disease.
Recovery depends on treatment. Surgical recovery classically takes 4 to 8 weeks. On the other hand, the effects of radiation or chemotherapy are prolonged and may require longer periods to resolve. Follow-up is crucial in detecting recurrence in time and managing any side effects.
At a stage, i.e., early cervical cancer, the 5-year survival rate stands at more than 90%. In advanced stages, the survival rates decline yet continue to rise with newer therapies. Early detection holds the key to a better prognosis.
70–90%
Five-year survival rate (early-stage cervical cancer)3–7 days
Typical hospital stay (depending on treatment)4–8 weeks
Typical recovery to normal daily activities (after surgery; varies by treatment)
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Cape Town is one of three capital cities in South Africa. The Cape Town Department of Health is in charge of healthcare. The city does not have a universal healthcare system. Instead, it has two systems running concurrently. A private healthcare system coexists with a public healthcare system. The government is trusted by the vast majority of people (up to 80% of the population). The public healthcare system is subsidized by the government. However, it is underfunded and poorly managed, making the private sector more popular among the public. There are numerous public hospitals in Cape Town. Large regional hospitals are overseen by provincial health organizations. Municipalities are in charge of smaller hospitals and primary care clinics. Furthermore, big university-affiliated public hospitals provide high-quality care. Everyone in Cape Town has access to public healthcare, regardless of country or immigration status. Its biggest beneficiaries, however, are city residents who cannot afford private health insurance. The vast majority of ex-pat residents have private insurance to gain access to the greatest medical care available in the country.
The hospitals in Cape Town deliver quality care and treatment. They are internationally recognized and accredited by healthcare organizations like JCI and ISO. Some of the top hospitals in the city include:
The doctors in Cape Town play a vital role in delivering top-level healthcare services focusing on each patient’s needs. Some of the top doctors in the city include:
Cape Town is an easily reachable city by train, bus, and flight. The nearest airport to Cape Town is Cape Town International Airport from where you can travel to the city by bus or cab. If you are planning to undergo treatment here, MediGence can assist you in planning your medical travel.
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