Inside your body, blood flows through tiny tubes called blood vessels. Sometimes, these tubes get all twisted and messy in one spot — that’s called an AVM, or Arteriovenous Malformation. It can cause problems, such as headaches or even bleeding, if not treated.
To fix it, doctors use a special method called Endovascular Embolisation. This method repairs the AVM from within the body, eliminating the need for large incisions.
First, the doctor helps you fall asleep so you won’t feel anything. Then, they gently slide a soft, thin tube into a blood vessel, usually in your leg. Using pictures on a screen, they guide the tube to the location of the AVM.
When the tube is in the correct position, the doctor inserts a small amount of special material, such as glue or soft plugs, to block the twisted vessels. This prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction and helps prevent further complications. Once the AVM is blocked off, the doctor slowly removes the tube, and you rest in the hospital to recover.
This way, your blood flows more efficiently, and the risk of serious issues, such as bleeding, decreases.
- Stroke or transient ischemic attack (due to clot or vessel spasm)
- Vessel perforation or bleeding
- Headache, nausea, or temporary neurological symptoms
- AVM recurrence or incomplete obliteration
- Allergic reaction to contrast dye (rare)
- Minimally invasive and performed through a small catheter — no large incision
- Reduces AVM size or bleeding risk prior to surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery
- Can relieve symptoms like headaches or seizures
- Suitable for deep-seated or surgically inaccessible AVMs
- Often used as part of a multimodal AVM treatment plan
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+99Process Involved for Endovascular surgery for AVM
- Initial Evaluation: Doctors review medical history and symptoms.
- Imaging tests, such as MRI, CT, or angiography, are used to locate the AVM.
- Preoperative Preparation: Fasting, consent, and planning for anaesthesia.
- Procedure Day: A catheter is inserted through the groin and guided to the AVM.
- Embolisation: Special material is injected to block the abnormal vessels.
- Recovery Room: The patient is monitored after the procedure to ensure their safety.
- Hospital Stay: A short stay is required to check for complications.
- Follow-up Care: Regular checkups and imaging to ensure success.
- Brain AVMs: Block abnormal blood flow in tangled brain vessels.
- Spinal AVMs: Fix faulty blood vessels within the spinal area.
- Bleeding AVMs: Helps control and stop bleeding from the AVM.
- Non-bleeding AVMs: treated early to reduce the risk of future bleeding.
- Deep or risky AVMs: Used when surgery is too dangerous.
- Seizure-linked AVMs: Helps alleviate seizures associated with blood flow issues.
- AVMs near key brain parts: Safely targets AVMs near areas that control body functions.
- AVMs causing swelling: Treats pressure or pain from an enlarged AVM.
- Patient Preparation: The person is given anaesthesia so they feel no pain and stay relaxed.
- Catheter Insertion: A narrow, bendable tube is carefully placed into a blood vessel, usually through the upper thigh
- Guiding the Tube: Doctors use special X-ray tools to move the tube through the body toward the AVM.
- Blocking the Vessels: A special glue-like material or small particles are sent through the tube to block the abnormal blood flow.
- Checking the Result: Imaging is performed immediately to determine if the AVM has been successfully sealed.
- Removing the Tube: The tube is slowly removed once the job is complete.
- Watching the Patient: The patient is closely monitored during recovery to ensure their well-being and overall health.
- Follow-up: Doctors check in later with scans and visits to ensure the AVM remains closed.
- Craniotomy
- Radiosurgery
- Angiography
- Coiling
- Stenting
- Thrombectomy
- Catheterisation
- Fluoroscopy
- Embolisation
- Microsurgery
- The treatment does not require cutting open the head.
- Patients often go home within a couple of days.
- Recovery is quicker compared to traditional surgery.
- There is usually little to no pain after the procedure.
- It can stop bleeding from the abnormal blood vessels.
- The tangled blood vessels can shrink or close off.
- Sometimes it helps prepare the AVM for another type of treatment.
- The risk of infection is low.
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