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Inside your body, blood flows through tiny tubes called blood vessels. Sometimes, these tubes get all twisted and messy in one spot — that’s called an AVM, or Arteriovenous Malformation. It can cause problems, such as headaches or even bleeding, if not treated.
To fix it, doctors use a special method called Endovascular Embolisation. This method repairs the AVM from within the body, eliminating the need for large incisions.
First, the doctor helps you fall asleep so you won’t feel anything. Then, they gently slide a soft, thin tube into a blood vessel, usually in your leg. Using pictures on a screen, they guide the tube to the location of the AVM.
When the tube is in the correct position, the doctor inserts a small amount of special material, such as glue or soft plugs, to block the twisted vessels. This prevents blood from flowing in the wrong direction and helps prevent further complications. Once the AVM is blocked off, the doctor slowly removes the tube, and you rest in the hospital to recover.
This way, your blood flows more efficiently, and the risk of serious issues, such as bleeding, decreases.
Endovascular surgery for AVM is performed to reduce or eliminate abnormal blood flow between arteries and veins in the brain or spinal cord.
AVMs can cause bleeding (hemorrhage), seizures, neurological deficits, or chronic headaches.
This minimally invasive approach blocks the AVM from within the blood vessels, reducing rupture risk and stabilizing symptoms.
Consult a neurologist or neurosurgeon if you experience sudden severe headaches, seizures, blurred vision, weakness, or numbness, which may indicate a cerebral AVM.
Even asymptomatic AVMs discovered incidentally on imaging (MRI/CT) may require evaluation.
If the AVM poses a high risk of bleeding or grows, intervention is usually recommended.
Diagnosis is confirmed with cerebral angiography, MRI, or CT scan to map the AVM's size, location, and blood supply.
Patients undergo blood tests, cardiac clearance, and must avoid blood thinners before the procedure.
A detailed preoperative plan is created to decide whether endovascular embolization will be standalone or followed by surgery/radiosurgery.
Performed under general anesthesia, a catheter is inserted through the femoral artery (groin) and guided up to the brain vessels.
Liquid embolic agents (e.g., Onyx, NBCA) or coils are injected into the AVM’s feeding arteries to block abnormal blood flow.
The procedure may be done in one or multiple stages depending on AVM complexity and location.
Endovascular embolization typically takes 2 to 4 hours.
Hospital stay is 1 to 3 days, depending on the patient’s condition and whether further treatment (surgery or radiosurgery) is needed.
Recovery is usually rapid with minimal pain.
Choosing an experienced interventional neuroradiologist minimizes risks significantly.
Patients are observed in ICU for 12–24 hours post-procedure for neurological monitoring.
Most return to normal activities within 3–7 days, barring complications.
Follow-up imaging (MRI or angiography) is done to assess AVM closure and plan further treatment if needed.
The success rate of partial or complete embolization of AVMs ranges from 70–90%, depending on size and vascular structure.
When combined with radiosurgery or open surgery, cure rates exceed 90% in many cases.
Recurrence is rare if the AVM is fully obliterated, and long-term outcomes are excellent with proper follow-up.
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