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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that mostly occurs during a woman's reproductive years. High levels of androgens and irregular or protracted menstrual cycles are common in women with PCOS. The formation of several tiny fluid-filled sacs, or cysts, around the ovaries' periphery is a hallmark of PCOS. These cysts contain immature eggs, known as follicles, which fail to regularly release eggs.
The exact cause of PCOS remains unknown. However, early diagnosis and treatment, combined with weight loss, can help reduce the risk of long-term complications like type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
Types of PCOS:
Generally, there are 4 types of PCOS
- Insulin-resistant PCOS
- Pill induced PCOS
- Inflammatory PCOS
- Hidden PCOS
- Insulin-resistant PCOS: The most common type of PCOS is Insulin-resistant PCOS. Smoking, sugar, pollution, and trans fat are the causes of this type of PCOS. elevated insulin levels suppress ovulation and cause the ovaries to produce testosterone.
- Pill-induced PCOS: The second most prevalent PCOS is this one. due to the birth control pills which suppress ovulation leading to PCOS. Most women experience short-term effects from the pill, and their periods return once it wears off. However, even when the side effects of the medication wear off, some women do not start ovulating again for months or even years. Women are advised to see a doctor during that period.
- Inflammatory PCOS: In the case of PCOS that occurs due to inflammation, it inhibits ovulation, hormones become imbalanced and the production of androgens occurs. Inflammatory foods such as gluten, environmental pollutants, and stress all contribute to inflammation.
if you experience symptoms like headaches, infections, or skin allergies and your blood tests reveal that you have a vitamin D deficiency, an abnormal blood count, or elevated thyroid levels. These are symptoms of Inflammatory PCOS.
Who can get treatment for PCOS?
Not all women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) require treatment. However, treatment is recommended for the following groups:
- Women with irregular or absent periods
- Women experiencing severe symptoms such as cystic acne, hair loss, thinning hair, or significant weight gain
- Women who are trying to conceive but face difficulties due to irregular ovulation
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IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
milan, Italy
- Premier multi-speciality research hospital specialising in molecular medicine, gene therapy, and cardiovascular care.
- Part of Gruppo San Donato (GSD) and affiliated with Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele.
- Treats around 1.5 million patients annually, including many international visitors.
- Designated as a European Reference Centre (ERN GUARD-Heart) for complex heart conditions.
- Offers advanced services in cardiac surgery, electrophysiology, oncology, urology, gene therapy, plastic surgery, and diagnostic imaging.
- Equipped with state-of-the-art operating theatres, diagnostic labs, and 1,640 patient beds.
- Provides multilingual support, patient-focused care, and on-site pharmacies, labs, and cafeterias.
- Ranked among the World’s Best Specialised Hospitals (2025) for cardiology and cardiac surgery.
Casa di Cura La Madonnina
milan, Italy
- Casa di Cura La Madonnina is a renowned multidisciplinary private clinic in Milan, Italy. It provides premium healthcare services with a focus on advanced diagnostics, personalised care, and surgical excellence. The clinic offers state-of-the-art operating rooms, luxury patient rooms, and an exclusive patient experience for both Italian and international patients. It is recognised for its expertise in fields such as fertility and IVF, cardiology, plastic surgery, and digestive endoscopy.
- It integrates clinical excellence with a high standard of comfort and privacy, making it one of the most prestigious private healthcare institutions in Italy.
IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi- Sant’Ambrogio
milan, Italy
- IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital – Sant’Ambrogio is a leading multidisciplinary hospital located in Milan, Italy. It is internationally renowned for its excellence in orthopaedics, cardiovascular care, and advanced minimally invasive surgery. The hospital features cutting-edge diagnostic technology and state-of-the-art surgical facilities. It is part of the San Donato Hospital Group, combining research, innovation, and high-quality patient care.
- Recognised since 2006 as an IRCCS for research in locomotor system diseases.
- It combines high‑quality clinical care with translational and basic research in orthopaedics, biomechanics, regenerative medicine, etc.
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