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Closed-heart surgery, also known as minimally invasive or off-pump surgery, refers to surgical procedures performed on the heart without the need for opening the chest cavity and stopping the heart. Rather, it involves using smaller incisions or punctures and specialized instruments to access and operate on the heart. Here are some key points to elaborate on closed heart surge
Such surgeries may involve accessing the chest cavity through the sternum (sternotomy) or between the ribs (thoracotomy). They commonly focus on major arteries rather than the heart chambers themselves, addressing conditions like aortic coarctation, shunt operations to enhance lung blood flow, or repairing the pulmonary artery.
While some closed-heart surgeries are corrective, others are soothing or temporary, alleviating specific issues caused by a defect rather than addressing the defect itself. Palliative surgeries are often necessary for young children who may require multiple cardiac operations as they grow.
Closed heart surgery is performed in various conditions, including:
- Mitral valve repair and replacement
- Aortic valve repair and replacement
- Tricuspid valve repair and replacement
- Pulmonary valve repair and replacement
- Closure of heart defects such as ASD (Atrial Septal Defect) and VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect)
- Coronary bypass surgeries
- Surgeries to remove heart tumors
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IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele
milan, Italy
- Premier multi-speciality research hospital specialising in molecular medicine, gene therapy, and cardiovascular care.
- Part of Gruppo San Donato (GSD) and affiliated with Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele.
- Treats around 1.5 million patients annually, including many international visitors.
- Designated as a European Reference Centre (ERN GUARD-Heart) for complex heart conditions.
- Offers advanced services in cardiac surgery, electrophysiology, oncology, urology, gene therapy, plastic surgery, and diagnostic imaging.
- Equipped with state-of-the-art operating theatres, diagnostic labs, and 1,640 patient beds.
- Provides multilingual support, patient-focused care, and on-site pharmacies, labs, and cafeterias.
- Ranked among the World’s Best Specialised Hospitals (2025) for cardiology and cardiac surgery.
Casa di Cura La Madonnina
milan, Italy
- Casa di Cura La Madonnina is a renowned multidisciplinary private clinic in Milan, Italy. It provides premium healthcare services with a focus on advanced diagnostics, personalised care, and surgical excellence. The clinic offers state-of-the-art operating rooms, luxury patient rooms, and an exclusive patient experience for both Italian and international patients. It is recognised for its expertise in fields such as fertility and IVF, cardiology, plastic surgery, and digestive endoscopy.
- It integrates clinical excellence with a high standard of comfort and privacy, making it one of the most prestigious private healthcare institutions in Italy.
IRCCS Policlinico San Donato
milan, Italy
- Leading multi-speciality research hospital, specialising in cardiovascular care, established in 1969.
- Part of Gruppo San Donato (GSD) and affiliated with the University of Milan.
- Serves around 300,000 patients annually, including international patients.
- Recognised as a European Reference Centre (ERN GUARD-Heart) for congenital heart diseases.
- Offers advanced services in cardiac surgery, electrophysiology, diagnostic imaging, plastic surgery, and metabolic health.
- Equipped with 10 advanced operating theatres, hemodynamics & electrophysiology labs, and 430 patient beds.
- Multilingual support and patient-centred care, with on-site pharmacies, laboratories, and cafeterias.
- Ranked among the World’s Best Specialised Hospitals (2025) for cardiology and cardiac surgery.
IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi- Sant’Ambrogio
milan, Italy
- IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital – Sant’Ambrogio is a leading multidisciplinary hospital located in Milan, Italy. It is internationally renowned for its excellence in orthopaedics, cardiovascular care, and advanced minimally invasive surgery. The hospital features cutting-edge diagnostic technology and state-of-the-art surgical facilities. It is part of the San Donato Hospital Group, combining research, innovation, and high-quality patient care.
- Recognised since 2006 as an IRCCS for research in locomotor system diseases.
- It combines high‑quality clinical care with translational and basic research in orthopaedics, biomechanics, regenerative medicine, etc.
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