Samsun, Turkey
4.7 5450 Reviews
Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a hospital operated by the Medical Park group to serve the patients of Samsun and Black Sea Region. The hospital is an important healthcare destination not for the people for turkey but also for the patients from other countries. The hospital is known for its treatment facilities especially in cardiac care.
Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a multispecialty hospital providing treatment in various disease areas. Diagnosis and treatment are done though advanced care equipment which is guided by experienced medical staff. The after-treatment care standards are high because of the availability of experienced para-medical staff. This is one of the very few private hospitals which has a separate floor for cardiac diseases including adult and neonatal coronary care units. The treatment available at this hospital includes pediatric surgery, pulmonology, ophthalmic, in-vitro fertilization, cardiology, gastroenterology, endocrinology, orthopedics and traumatology, immunology, urology, nephrology, and nuclear medicine.
The hospital is built in about 18 thousand square meter area. Hospital is equipped with 146 beds for in-patients available at more than 33 specialization departments. Out of 8 hospital rooms available in Medical Park Samsun Hospital, 2 rooms are always reserved for cardiac surgery. The total number of physicians available at this hospital is 50.
Mimarsinan, Alparslan Blv. No:17, 55200 Atakum/Samsun, Türkiye
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With advanced diagnostic infrastructure, VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides Angiography (Including Non-Ionic Contrast) to evaluate vascular conditions. Established in 2017, the JCI hospital is based in Samsun, Turkey, has 300 beds, and offers comprehensive healthcare services to local and international patients.
Angiography (Including Non-Ionic Contrast) enables specialists to examine blood vessels and identify abnormalities such as narrowing, obstruction, or changes in blood flow. A non-ionic contrast medium is used to enhance the visibility of the vessels during diagnostic imaging. Prior to the procedure, the medical team reviews the patient's health history, medications, kidney function, and potential contrast-related risks. After the examination, appropriate observation and post-procedure guidance are provided to support a safe recovery.
Expected Price: USD1500VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Repair through advanced cardiac care and modern treatment techniques. Founded in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey, with 300 beds.
ASD Repair closes an abnormal opening between the atria, helping improve blood flow through the heart. Specialists may recommend device closure or surgical repair based on the size and type of defect. Patients undergo cardiac evaluation before treatment and receive appropriate monitoring during recovery.
Expected Price: USD5000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers specialised Cardiac Valve Replacement using modern surgical technology and established cardiac treatment protocols. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey, with 300 beds, serving local and international patients.
Cardiac valve replacement is performed to replace a severely damaged valve and improve the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. Treatment options may include surgical replacement with a mechanical or biological valve, while selected patients may qualify for minimally invasive transcatheter procedures. Before treatment, the cardiac team evaluates valve severity, heart function, medical history, and overall surgical risk.
Expected Price: USD12000At VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is performed using advanced cardiac surgery techniques and personalized treatment planning. Established in 2017, this JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and offers comprehensive cardiovascular and post-operative care.
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) may be recommended for patients with severe coronary artery disease, particularly when multiple coronary vessels are affected or when other treatments are not suitable. During CABG, surgeons use grafts from blood vessels such as the internal mammary artery or veins from the leg to bypass narrowed coronary segments. The new pathways allow blood to reach the heart muscle more effectively. The surgical approach and number of grafts depend on the location and severity of the blockages.
Expected Price: USD10500VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides LVAD Implantation using contemporary mechanical circulatory support technology and evidence-based cardiac care. Founded in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is based in Samsun, Turkey, with 300 beds and services for domestic and international patients.
During LVAD implantation, the pump is connected to the left ventricle and the aorta, helping move blood through the body when the heart cannot pump effectively. The device is connected to an external controller and power source. Before surgery, specialists assess cardiac function, organ health, infection risk, and overall suitability for mechanical support.
Expected Price: USD80000With advanced cardiac surgery infrastructure, VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers the Ross Procedure for eligible patients with significant aortic valve disease. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey, and has 300 beds.
The procedure uses the patient's own pulmonary valve to replace the diseased aortic valve, while a donor valve is placed where the pulmonary valve was located. This technique may provide favourable haemodynamic performance in selected patients. A comprehensive pre-operative evaluation, including echocardiography and other cardiac investigations, helps determine whether the procedure is appropriate.
Expected Price: USD23000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for TOF Repair, offering comprehensive Tetralogy of Fallot surgery supported by experienced pediatric cardiac surgeons, pediatric cardiologists, anesthesiologists, perfusion specialists, and intensive-care teams. Established in 2017, the JCI- accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
TOF Repair aims to improve blood flow from the heart to the lungs and correct the abnormal communication between the ventricles. The surgical approach may include closure of the ventricular septal defect and removal or relief of obstructive muscle tissue in the right ventricular outflow tract. Depending on the anatomy, pulmonary valve or pulmonary artery reconstruction may also be required. A detailed assessment helps the cardiac team determine the appropriate timing and extent of repair.
Expected Price: USD15000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers advanced VSD Closure / Repair (Adult) using modern cardiac surgical techniques and individualized treatment protocols. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds, providing comprehensive cardiac care for local and international patients.
VSD Closure / Repair in adults is performed to close a ventricular septal defect, which is an abnormal opening between the heart's two lower chambers. Small defects may not require intervention, but a significant VSD can cause excessive blood flow to the lungs, enlargement of the heart, pulmonary hypertension, or other complications. Depending on the location and size of the defect, closure may be performed surgically or, in selected cases, using a catheter-based device. Echocardiography and other cardiac tests help determine the appropriate approach.
Expected Price: USD7000Choosing VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital for Breast Augmentation gives patients access to experienced plastic surgeons, advanced surgical facilities, and comprehensive medical care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and provides specialized cosmetic surgery services.
Breast Augmentation is performed to increase breast volume or improve breast proportions and symmetry. The procedure may use silicone or saline implants, depending on the patient's suitability and treatment goals, while fat transfer may be an alternative for selected patients. Before surgery, the surgeon discusses implant type, size, placement, incision options, and expected results. After the procedure, patients are monitored and advised to follow activity restrictions and post-operative care instructions while healing.
Expected Price: USD4000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialised Buttocks Lift with a focus on precise tissue removal, advanced body-contouring techniques, and individualised postoperative care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds, with modern plastic surgery and perioperative infrastructure.
A Buttocks Lift can improve the appearance of sagging buttock skin by removing excess tissue and repositioning the remaining skin and soft tissues. The procedure may be performed as part of a broader body-contouring plan when appropriate. A detailed preoperative assessment helps the plastic surgery team evaluate skin elasticity, body proportions, previous weight changes, general health, and the patient's aesthetic objectives before selecting the most suitable surgical approach.
Expected Price: USD4000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialized Cosmetic Rhinoplasty with a focus on personalized treatment, patient safety, and aesthetic outcomes. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds with modern healthcare infrastructure.
Cosmetic Rhinoplasty is an elective surgical procedure designed to reshape the nose for aesthetic improvement. Depending on the individual's anatomy and desired outcome, the surgeon may modify the nasal bones, cartilage, bridge, tip, or nostrils. A comprehensive consultation is conducted before surgery to assess facial proportions, nasal structure, and the patient's expectations. After the procedure, follow-up visits and appropriate post-operative care help support healing and assess the final result.
Expected Price: USD2750VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides Face Contouring and Tightening services using advanced cosmetic technology and proven methods. It was founded in 2017 and is certified by JCI, with headquarters in Samsun, Turkey. With 300 beds, it admits both local and foreign patients.
Face Contouring and Tightening enhances the overall appearance of the skin by tightening and defining the face. It can be performed as a simple or a complex method depending on the skin improvements that the patient wants to achieve. Before treatment, the specialist analyses the face and skin condition, the patient's medical history, and their cosmetic goal so that the most suitable treatment and recovery plan can be designed.
Expected Price: USD4500Choosing VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital for Gender Confirmation Surgery gives patients access to experienced gender-affirming surgeons, advanced reconstructive facilities, specialized anesthesia services, and structured postoperative support. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and provides specialized gender-affirming surgical services.
Gender Confirmation Surgery is performed under appropriate anaesthesia, with the surgical technique depending on the selected procedure. For genital reconstruction, techniques may include tissue reconstruction to create functional and anatomically appropriate structures. Chest and other gender-affirming procedures are performed according to individual anatomical and aesthetic goals. Recovery varies by procedure, and patients may require wound care, pain management, activity restrictions, dilation after certain procedures, and scheduled follow-up during healing.
Expected Price: USD14500VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers advanced Hair Transplant using modern hair restoration techniques and individualized cosmetic care plans. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds, providing comprehensive aesthetic and dermatological care for local and international patients.
Hair Transplant is a surgical procedure used to restore hair in areas affected by hair loss or thinning. During the procedure, healthy hair follicles are harvested from a donor area, usually the back or sides of the scalp, and transplanted into areas with reduced hair density. Techniques such as Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) and Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT) may be used depending on the patient's hair-loss pattern, donor hair availability, and treatment goals.
Expected Price: USD2250VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers dedicated Mommy Makeover with experienced plastic surgeons, advanced operating facilities, and personalized body-contouring plans. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds supporting comprehensive aesthetic surgery.
Mommy Makeover aims to restore or improve body contours affected by pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. The combination of procedures is customized rather than standardized and may address the abdomen, breasts, waist, or other areas. Depending on the patient's goals, surgeons may combine a tummy tuck with liposuction and breast reshaping procedures. A detailed consultation helps determine which treatments can safely be performed together and what recovery period is expected.
Expected Price: USD6500VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialised Foregut Surgery with a focus on precise upper gastrointestinal surgery, minimally invasive techniques, functional preservation, and individualised postoperative management. Established in 2017, the JCI- accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds, with modern gastrointestinal surgery, endoscopy, imaging, robotic surgery, and critical-care infrastructure.
Foregut Surgery encompasses a range of procedures tailored to disorders affecting the oesophagus, stomach, and gastroesophageal junction. Treatment planning considers the underlying diagnosis, severity of symptoms, anatomical findings, results of endoscopy and imaging, previous treatments, nutritional status, and overall health. A multidisciplinary assessment helps determine whether surgery is appropriate and whether an open, laparoscopic, or robotic-assisted approach is most suitable for the individual patient.
Expected Price: USD10000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialised Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair with a focus on precise abdominal wall reconstruction, minimally invasive access, appropriate mesh placement, and individualized postoperative management. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds, with modern laparoscopic, diagnostic imaging, surgical, and postoperative care infrastructure.
Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair can provide an effective treatment option for appropriately selected patients with symptomatic ventral or incisional hernias. Treatment planning considers the size and location of the defect, hernia contents, previous abdominal surgery, body habitus, recurrence risk, and overall health. A detailed surgical evaluation helps determine whether laparoscopic repair is appropriate and guides selection of the most suitable repair and mesh technique.
Expected Price: USD4750VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialized Total Colectomy with a focus on disease control, safe bowel reconstruction, and individualized surgical care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds with modern colorectal surgery infrastructure.
Total Colectomy is a major colorectal operation that removes the entire colon while preserving the rectum when clinically appropriate. Depending on the underlying condition, it may be performed to treat extensive inflammatory bowel disease, hereditary colon disorders, or selected severe colonic diseases. Following removal of the colon, intestinal continuity may be restored by connecting the ileum to the rectum, or stool may be diverted through an ileostomy. The surgical approach and reconstruction plan are determined by the disease, previous operations, bowel function, and overall health. Follow-up care focuses on wound healing, bowel function, hydration, nutrition, and adjustment to any stoma if present.
Expected Price: USD12000Choosing VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital for Kasai Procedure gives patients access to specialized pediatric hepatobiliary surgery, modern diagnostic facilities, and coordinated long-term care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds with advanced pediatric surgical infrastructure.
Kasai Procedure is a bile-drainage operation performed mainly for infants with biliary atresia. The surgeon removes the abnormal extrahepatic bile ducts and connects a segment of the small intestine directly to the liver, allowing bile to flow into the intestine without the normal bile duct pathway. The success of the procedure depends on several factors, including the age at surgery and the extent of liver damage. Some children may eventually require liver transplantation if adequate bile drainage cannot be maintained or liver disease progresses.
Expected Price: USD10500With advanced hepatopancreatobiliary infrastructure, VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers Whipple's Procedure for eligible patients requiring complex pancreatic or upper gastrointestinal surgery. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey, and has 300 beds.
The procedure removes the head of the pancreas and may include removal of the duodenum, gallbladder, and part of the bile duct. The digestive tract is then reconstructed to restore the flow of food and digestive fluids. Before surgery, a multidisciplinary team evaluates the disease, imaging findings, nutritional status, and overall health.
Expected Price: USD18000With advanced reproductive medicine infrastructure, VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) for individuals and couples seeking a less invasive fertility treatment. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey, and has 300 beds.
IUI is performed by placing prepared sperm directly into the uterus near the time of ovulation. The cycle may be monitored using ultrasound and hormonal assessments, with fertility medication used when clinically appropriate. Before treatment, the specialist evaluates ovulation, fallopian tube health, sperm quality, and other factors that may affect treatment success.
Expected Price: USD600VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) using contemporary reproductive technologies and evidence-based fertility care. Founded in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is based in Samsun, Turkey, with 300 beds and services for domestic and international patients.
IVF is a multi-stage fertility treatment that may involve ovarian stimulation, egg collection, sperm preparation, fertilisation, embryo development, and embryo transfer. Depending on the clinical situation, additional techniques such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) or embryo genetic testing may be considered. The fertility team evaluates each patient before selecting the most appropriate treatment strategy.
Expected Price: USD2500VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialized ALIF - Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with a focus on relieving lumbar pain, restoring spinal stability, and maintaining appropriate spinal alignment. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds with modern neurosurgical and orthopedic spine facilities.
ALIF (Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion) is a spinal fusion procedure performed through an incision in the abdomen to access the lumbar spine from the front. The damaged intervertebral disc is removed and replaced with an interbody implant or cage, often along with bone graft material, to help restore disc height and promote fusion between adjacent vertebrae. The procedure may be considered for selected cases of degenerative disc disease, spinal instability, or certain forms of spondylolisthesis.
Expected Price: USD13500At VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital, Brain Tumour Treatment is provided using advanced brain imaging, microsurgical techniques, and individualized treatment strategies. Established in 2017, this JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and offers specialized neurosurgery and neuro-oncology services.
Brain Tumour Treatment may involve observation, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. When surgery is required, the neurosurgical team aims to obtain a diagnosis and remove the tumour while preserving important brain functions. Depending on the tumour's type and molecular features, additional treatment may be recommended after surgery. Patients may also receive supportive care to manage symptoms such as seizures, headaches, swelling, or neurological deficits.
Expected Price: USD10000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialized Cranioplasty with a focus on restoring the shape and structural integrity of the skull, protecting the brain, and supporting functional recovery. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds with modern neurosurgical and reconstructive facilities.
Cranioplasty is a surgical procedure used to repair or reconstruct a portion of the skull that is missing, damaged, or removed during an earlier operation. The skull defect may be reconstructed using the patient's own preserved bone or a synthetic material such as a customized implant. It may be performed after trauma, decompressive craniectomy, infection-related bone loss, or other conditions. Preoperative imaging helps assess the skull defect and plan the reconstruction.
Expected Price: USD8000The highly reputed hospital VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital specialises in Craniotomy, performed using state-of-the-art surgical equipment and standardised neurosurgical procedures. Established in 2017, this JCI awarded hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and offers 300 beds for local as well as international patients.
Craniotomy is performed to allow surgical procedures on the brain for diagnosing and treating various neurological disorders. In some cases, it involves removing a tumor from the brain, treating bleeding inside the brain, fixing a suspected vascular problem, and reducing the pressure inside the skull. Prior to the Craniotomy surgery, the specialists conducted appropriate imaging and/or neurological tests needed for careful monitoring and prompt post-operative recovery.
Expected Price: USD16000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Deep Brain Stimulation, offering specialized functional neurosurgery supported by experienced neurosurgeons, neurologists, and advanced brain-mapping technology. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Deep Brain Stimulation works by delivering electrical stimulation to carefully selected regions involved in abnormal neurological activity. It is most commonly associated with the treatment of Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia, although its use depends on the specific condition and clinical circumstances. The treatment generally involves implanting one or more electrodes in the brain and connecting them to a pulse generator through extension wires. Before implantation, specialists assess symptoms, medication response, cognitive function, and overall health to determine whether DBS is appropriate.
Expected Price: USD22000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers advanced Epilepsy Treatment using modern neurological, neurodiagnostic, and epilepsy-management techniques and individualized care plans. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds, providing comprehensive neurological care for local and international patients.
Epilepsy Treatment is planned according to the type, frequency, cause, and severity of seizures and the patient's overall health. Antiseizure medications are commonly used to control seizures, while selected patients with drug-resistant epilepsy may be evaluated for epilepsy surgery, dietary therapies, or neuromodulation procedures. Comprehensive assessment helps determine the most appropriate treatment strategy and long-term follow-up plan.
Expected Price: USD12000At VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital, Keyhole Spine Surgery is performed using advanced minimally invasive spine techniques and individualized surgical planning. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and provides comprehensive spinal surgery and rehabilitation services.
Keyhole Spine Surgery may be considered for patients with specific spinal disorders that cause persistent pain, numbness, or nerve-related symptoms despite appropriate non-surgical treatment. Through a small incision, the surgeon creates a limited pathway to the affected spinal structures and removes disc fragments, bone, or other tissue responsible for nerve compression when appropriate. Preoperative MRI or CT imaging helps identify the affected level and determine whether a minimally invasive approach is suitable.
Expected Price: USD10500Choosing VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital for Lumbar Decompression gives patients access to specialist-led lumbar nerve decompression, modern surgical technology, and coordinated postoperative care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds with advanced spine surgery infrastructure.
Lumbar Decompression may be recommended for patients who experience persistent leg pain, numbness, weakness, or walking difficulties due to compression of nerves in the lower spine. During surgery, the surgeon carefully removes the bone or soft tissue responsible for narrowing around the nerve. A minimally invasive or conventional approach may be selected according to the patient's anatomy and condition. If significant instability is present, spinal fusion may be considered alongside decompression.
Expected Price: USD9500VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Scoliosis Surgery, offering modern surgical options supported by experienced spine specialists and advanced medical infrastructure. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Scoliosis Surgery can help correct abnormal spinal curvature and improve spinal balance in appropriately selected patients. Surgery is generally considered when the curve is severe, progressing despite observation or bracing, or associated with significant symptoms. Spinal fusion is commonly used to stabilize the corrected portion of the spine. Before treatment, specialists review X-rays and other imaging, assess spinal flexibility and overall health, and develop an individualized surgical plan.
Expected Price: USD18000At VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital, Spinal Cord Detethering is performed using advanced microsurgical techniques and individualized neurological assessment. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and provides comprehensive neurosurgical, pediatric, and rehabilitation services.
Spinal Cord Detethering may be recommended for patients with symptomatic tethered cord syndrome, particularly when progressive neurological, bladder, bowel, or orthopedic problems are present. Through a carefully planned spinal approach, the surgeon identifies the structures attaching the spinal cord and releases them to reduce abnormal tension. In some cases, associated abnormalities such as a fatty filum or scar tissue may also be addressed. MRI and neurological evaluation help determine the need and extent of surgery.
Expected Price: USD11500VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers dedicated Spinal Cord Stimulation supported by experienced pain specialists, neurosurgeons, advanced imaging, and modern neuromodulation systems. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds supporting specialized chronic pain management.
Spinal Cord Stimulation is a minimally invasive neuromodulation technique designed to alter pain signaling within the nervous system. The treatment involves placing one or more leads near the spinal cord and connecting them to a small pulse generator. Depending on the device and stimulation method, electrical impulses can modify how pain signals are processed. A trial period allows the medical team and patient to determine whether sufficient symptom improvement is achieved before considering permanent implantation.
Expected Price: USD20000At VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital, Stroke Treatment is performed using specialized stroke-management protocols and comprehensive neurological assessment. Established in 2017, this JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and offers advanced emergency, neurovascular, neurosurgical, and rehabilitation services.
Stroke Treatment may be considered for patients presenting with symptoms such as sudden weakness, facial drooping, speech difficulty, vision changes, or loss of coordination. Rapid brain imaging, commonly CT or MRI, helps determine whether the stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic and identifies the appropriate treatment pathway. Depending on the findings, patients may receive clot-dissolving medication, endovascular thrombectomy, neurosurgical treatment, or supportive medical management.
Expected Price: USD9500VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialized VP Shunt with a focus on controlled CSF diversion, precise catheter placement, and long-term neurological care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds with modern neurosurgical infrastructure.
VP Shunt can help manage hydrocephalus by establishing a route for excess cerebrospinal fluid to drain from the ventricular system into the peritoneal cavity. The treatment may be considered for different forms of hydrocephalus, including those associated with brain tumours, hemorrhage, infection, congenital abnormalities, or impaired CSF absorption. Depending on the patient's circumstances, a programmable valve may be selected to allow adjustment of drainage settings without replacing the device. Regular follow-up is important because shunts can develop complications such as obstruction, infection, over-drainage, or under-drainage, which may require medical or surgical management.
Expected Price: USD4000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Brain Cancer Treatment, offering modern brain tumor treatment supported by experienced neurosurgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Brain Cancer Treatment can help control or remove brain tumors depending on their type, location, and extent. When surgery is appropriate, the neurosurgeon may remove all or part of the tumor while attempting to preserve important brain functions. Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or other treatments may be used before or after surgery or when surgery is not suitable. Detailed brain imaging and tissue diagnosis, when required, help specialists develop an individualized treatment plan.
Expected Price: USD12000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Breast Cancer Treatment, offering modern breast cancer care supported by experienced breast surgeons, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Breast Cancer Treatment can involve one or more therapies depending on the cancer's stage and biological characteristics. Surgical options may include removal of the tumor while preserving the breast when appropriate or removal of the entire breast through mastectomy. Additional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy may be recommended based on the individual diagnosis. Regular follow-up helps monitor treatment response and recovery.
Expected Price: USD6000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital uses advanced cellular manufacturing techniques and immunotherapy protocols to provide CAR T-cell therapy services. Founded in 2017, this institution is based in Samsun, Turkey, and has 300 beds, with JCI recognition, to assist both local and foreign patients.
The CAR-T process is beneficial for some patients with blood cancers that have failed prior treatment and returned, depending on the disease type and the approved indication. In CAR-T therapy, T cells are collected, engineered to recognise cancer cells, multiplied, and then infused back after proper preparation of the cells. The cancer treatment team performs a careful assessment of the disease and health history before individualisation of treatment.
Expected Price: USD90000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Cervical Cancer Treatment, offering modern cervical cancer management supported by experienced gynecologic oncologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Cervical Cancer Treatment aims to control or eliminate abnormal cancer cells while preserving health and quality of life whenever possible. Depending on the stage, treatment may involve removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue, hysterectomy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or systemic therapies for advanced disease. Some patients may undergo brachytherapy as part of their radiation treatment. Specialists assess tumor pathology, lymph node involvement, imaging findings, and overall health before selecting the treatment strategy.
Expected Price: USD7000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Chemotherapy, offering specialized medical oncology services supported by experienced oncologists and modern treatment infrastructure. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Chemotherapy can be used to control, eliminate, or slow the progression of cancer depending on the disease and treatment goals. It may be administered as an intravenous infusion, oral medication, injection, or through a specialized delivery method for selected cancers. Chemotherapy can be used alone or combined with surgery, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. The oncologist determines the drug combination and dosage based on factors such as cancer type, stage, previous treatment, and overall health.
At VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital, Colorectal Cancer ( Colon Cancer ) Treatment is provided using advanced diagnostic technologies and personalized oncology treatment plans. Established in 2017, this JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and offers comprehensive colorectal surgical and cancer care.
Colorectal Cancer (Colon Cancer) Treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy, targeted medicines, immunotherapy, or combinations of these treatments. The surgeon may perform a colectomy to remove the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue and regional lymph nodes, followed by reconnection of the bowel when feasible. In selected cases, a temporary or permanent stoma may be required. For advanced cancer, systemic treatment is chosen according to tumor genetics, previous therapies, and the patient's overall condition.
Expected Price: USD10000Choosing VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital for Gamma Knife Radiosurgery gives patients access to experienced stereotactic radiosurgery specialists, advanced brain imaging, computerized treatment planning, precision radiation systems, and structured neurological follow-up. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and provides specialized intracranial radiosurgery services.
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery is generally performed without conventional open brain surgery. The patient is positioned using an appropriate immobilization system, and imaging is used to precisely map the treatment target. The Gamma Knife system then delivers multiple focused radiation beams according to the individualized treatment plan. Depending on the condition, patients may return home the same day, although follow-up imaging and neurological assessment are typically required to evaluate treatment response.
Expected Price: USD6000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers advanced Head & Neck Cancer Treatment using modern oncology techniques and internationally accepted treatment protocols. Established in 2017, the JCI hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds, providing comprehensive cancer care for local and international patients.
Head & Neck Cancer Treatment is planned according to the location, type, stage, and biological characteristics of the cancer. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these approaches. Cancers may affect the oral cavity, throat, larynx, salivary glands, nasal cavity, and other structures of the head and neck. Before treatment, patients typically undergo biopsy, imaging, endoscopic evaluation, and staging investigations. Multidisciplinary care helps address cancer control while preserving important functions such as swallowing, speech, and breathing.
Expected Price: USD10000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers specialised HIPEC (Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy) using modern cancer-treatment technology and established surgical oncology protocols. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey, with 300 beds, serving local and international patients.
HIPEC may be used as part of a comprehensive treatment strategy for selected abdominal and peritoneal cancers. During the procedure, surgeons first remove visible tumour deposits when feasible, followed by circulating heated chemotherapy within the abdominal cavity to treat any remaining microscopic disease. Detailed imaging, tumour assessment, and evaluation of overall fitness help determine whether HIPEC is an appropriate treatment option.
Expected Price: USD18000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides dedicated Immunotherapy services with an emphasis on evidence-based cancer treatment, individualized therapy selection, and ongoing safety assessment. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is based in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds supported by modern medical oncology facilities.
Immunotherapy can be used to support the body's natural immune response against certain cancers. Before starting therapy, specialists may review pathology reports, imaging results, biomarkers, previous treatments, and the patient's general health. Depending on the clinical situation, immunotherapy may be administered intravenously or through other approved routes and may be given for a defined number of cycles or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs. Follow-up assessments help determine treatment response and manage potential side effects.
Expected Price: USD12500Choosing VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital for Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) gives patients access to experienced radiation oncologists, advanced treatment-planning systems, image-guided technologies, and structured supportive care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and provides specialised radiation oncology services.
Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) is delivered over a planned course of treatment, with the number and frequency of sessions depending on the type, location, and stage of cancer, as well as the prescribed radiation dose. The patient is positioned using appropriate immobilisation or positioning aids to maintain accuracy during treatment. Each session is generally brief, although preparation and positioning may take additional time. Patients are monitored throughout treatment for side effects such as fatigue, skin changes, or effects specific to the treated area.
Expected Price: USD4000At VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital, Kidney Cancer Treatment is provided through personalized treatment planning supported by experienced urologic oncologists and advanced diagnostic technology. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and offers comprehensive cancer and renal care.
Kidney Cancer Treatment is selected according to the extent of disease and the patient's individual clinical profile. Surgery is commonly used for cancer confined to the kidney and may involve removing only the tumor-bearing portion of the kidney or the entire kidney when necessary. For cancer that has spread, treatment may include immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted medicines, or combinations of systemic therapies. Follow-up imaging and kidney-function monitoring are used to assess treatment response and ongoing health.
Expected Price: USD10000With advanced oncology infrastructure, VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers Lung Cancer Treatment for patients requiring specialised care for lung malignancies. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey, and has 300 beds.
Depending on the cancer's characteristics, treatment may involve lobectomy or other lung surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy. Some patients may receive a combination of treatments before or after surgery. The oncology team evaluates imaging, biopsy findings, staging information, and molecular markers to create a personalised treatment strategy.
Expected Price: USD10000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers advanced Ovarian Cancer Treatment using modern oncology techniques and internationally accepted treatment protocols. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey, with 300 beds, providing comprehensive cancer care for local and international patients.
Ovarian cancer treatment is planned based on the type, stage, extent, and biological characteristics of the cancer. Treatment may include surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these approaches. Depending on the case, surgery may involve removal of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and affected surrounding tissues. Detailed imaging, biopsy, and staging help guide treatment planning.
Expected Price: USD7000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Prostate Cancer Treatment, offering modern cancer treatment options supported by experienced specialists and advanced medical infrastructure. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Prostate Cancer Treatment can help manage localized, locally advanced, or advanced prostate cancer based on the patient's individual condition. Treatment options may include surgery to remove the prostate, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted medicines, or active surveillance in appropriate cases. A multidisciplinary team may assess PSA results, biopsy reports, imaging, cancer stage, and overall health before developing an individualized treatment plan.
Expected Price: USD8000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Proton Therapy, offering precision radiation treatment supported by experienced radiation oncologists, medical physicists, radiation therapists, dosimetrists, advanced imaging specialists, and multidisciplinary cancer teams. Established in 2017, the JCI- accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Proton Therapy delivers a controlled dose of radiation using charged proton particles directed toward a defined treatment target. Treatment planning takes advantage of the characteristic depth-dose distribution of protons to concentrate radiation within the tumor while potentially reducing unnecessary dose to nearby healthy tissue. The potential benefits depend on tumor location, anatomy, treatment plan, and the patient's individual clinical circumstances.
Expected Price: USD30000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Radiation Therapy, offering specialised radiation oncology services supported by experienced radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and radiation therapists, along with modern treatment infrastructure. Established in 2017, the JCI hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Radiation Therapy is an important cancer treatment that uses controlled doses of ionising radiation to damage the DNA of cancer cells and prevent them from growing or dividing. It can be delivered to many types of cancer and may be used with curative or palliative intent. Treatment planning typically involves CT or other imaging to define the tumor and surrounding organs at risk. Techniques such as IMRT, IGRT, stereotactic radiation, and brachytherapy may be selected according to the patient's condition.
Expected Price: USD4000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Robotic Cancer Surgery, offering advanced robotic-assisted oncology procedures supported by experienced surgeons and modern medical infrastructure. Established in 2017, the JCI hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Robotic Cancer Surgery is a minimally invasive approach that can be used for tumors in different parts of the body. During the procedure, the surgeon controls robotic instruments designed to provide precise movement and enhanced visualization. Depending on the cancer type and stage, robotic surgery may be used for procedures involving the prostate, kidney, colon, rectum, uterus, or other organs. Imaging, biopsy, and multidisciplinary evaluation help determine the appropriate surgical approach.
Expected Price: USD14000Choosing VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital for Skin Cancer Treatment gives patients access to experienced specialists, advanced treatment technology, and comprehensive medical care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and provides specialized dermatology and oncology services.
Patients with skin cancer may require different treatment strategies depending on whether the cancer is localized, locally advanced, or has spread to other parts of the body. Treatment options can include surgical excision, Mohs surgery, cryotherapy, topical medicines, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy. Before treatment, doctors assess the skin lesion and may perform a biopsy and additional tests to identify the cancer type and determine its extent. Follow-up examinations are important for monitoring treatment response and detecting recurrence.
Expected Price: USD5000Choosing VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital for Stomach Cancer Treatment gives patients access to experienced cancer specialists, advanced technology, and comprehensive medical care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and provides specialized oncology services.
Patients diagnosed with stomach cancer may require different treatment strategies depending on the stage and characteristics of the disease. Treatment can include endoscopic removal for selected early cancers, partial or total gastrectomy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or a combination of these options. A multidisciplinary team may review the patient's biopsy, imaging, staging results, and overall health to develop an individualized treatment plan.
Expected Price: USD14500VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital aims at providing Targeted Therapy using advanced precision medicine technology and patient-centric oncology care techniques. The JCI accredited hospital was established in 2017 in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds to care for both domestic and international patients.
Targeted Therapy is a treatment option that targets specific human DNA and proteins that play a critical role in the growth and survival of cancerous cells. The therapy can be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other medications, depending on the patient's diagnostic results. Before proceeding with a treatment, medical experts conduct biopsy analyses and molecular tests to identify which treatment is most effective.
VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers dedicated Ankle Arthroscopy supported by experienced orthopedic surgeons, advanced arthroscopic equipment, and modern operating facilities. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds supporting specialized orthopedic care.
Ankle Arthroscopy involves using a small fiber-optic camera to view the inside of the ankle joint without requiring a large surgical incision. It can be used for both diagnosis and treatment of selected joint problems, including cartilage injuries, synovitis, loose bodies, scar tissue, and impingement. Surgical instruments can be introduced through additional small portals to remove or repair abnormal tissue. After the procedure, the ankle may require protected weight-bearing, pain management, and rehabilitation depending on the extent of treatment.
Expected Price: USD6000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers dedicated Knock Knee Surgery supported by experienced orthopedic surgeons, advanced imaging, and modern limb-correction facilities. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds supporting specialized lower-limb reconstruction.
Knock Knee Surgery aims to restore more appropriate alignment of the legs when genu valgum is severe or does not correct naturally. Before surgery, the orthopedic specialist evaluates the patient's walking pattern, leg alignment, joint condition, and underlying cause using clinical assessment and imaging. Depending on the patient's age, the procedure may involve guided growth or cutting and repositioning a bone through corrective osteotomy. Fixation devices may be used to maintain the corrected position when an osteotomy is performed.
Expected Price: USD9000VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Minimally Invasive Knee Replacement Surgery, offering advanced knee replacement procedures supported by experienced orthopedic surgeons and modern medical infrastructure. Established in 2017, the JCI hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Minimally Invasive Knee Replacement Surgery is a surgical approach designed to replace damaged portions of the knee joint while limiting disruption to surrounding tissues where appropriate. It may be considered for selected patients with severe osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, or other conditions causing significant joint damage. Depending on the patient's condition, surgeons may perform partial or total knee replacement. Detailed evaluation and imaging are performed before surgery, followed by rehabilitation to improve strength, flexibility, and functional mobility.
Expected Price: USD7500At VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital, Lung Transplant is performed using advanced thoracic transplant techniques and personalized treatment plans based on the patient's condition. Established in 2017, this JCI hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and provides comprehensive transplant and critical care services.
Lung Transplant may be recommended for patients with severe, progressive lung disease that has significantly affected breathing and quality of life despite appropriate medical treatment. Depending on the underlying disease and transplant assessment, patients may receive one or both lungs. Before surgery, a multidisciplinary transplant team evaluates lung function, cardiovascular health, infection risks, and other factors. Following transplantation, lifelong immunosuppression and regular follow-up are required to reduce the risk of rejection and monitor lung function.
VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital offers dedicated Pediatric Liver Transplant supported by experienced pediatric transplant surgeons, hepatologists, anesthesiologists, and critical-care specialists. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds supporting comprehensive pediatric transplant services.
Pediatric Liver Transplant involves replacing a severely damaged or failing liver with a healthy donor graft. It may be required when medical treatment cannot adequately control advanced liver disease or liver failure. Before transplantation, specialists assess the child's liver function, nutritional status, growth, overall health, and transplant suitability. Following surgery, close monitoring is required to detect complications, maintain graft function, and adjust immunosuppressive medicines. Long-term follow-up supports the child's growth, development, and overall health.
VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialised Bladder Augmentation (Cystoplasty) with a focus on improving bladder capacity, maintaining low-pressure urine storage, protecting urinary tract function, and providing individualized postoperative care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds, with modern urodynamics, urinary imaging, reconstructive urology, surgical, and rehabilitation infrastructure.
Bladder Augmentation (Cystoplasty) can provide an important treatment option for appropriately selected patients with severely reduced bladder capacity or abnormal bladder pressure. Treatment planning considers the underlying cause of bladder dysfunction, bladder capacity and compliance, kidney function, ability to empty the bladder, previous urinary procedures, and overall health. A detailed urological assessment helps determine whether augmentation is appropriate and whether additional procedures or long-term bladder-management strategies may be required.
VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialised Burch Colposuspension with a focus on restoring urethral support, improving continence, minimizing surgical trauma, and providing individualized postoperative pelvic floor care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds, with modern urogynecology, urodynamics, pelvic imaging, laparoscopic, robotic, and rehabilitation infrastructure.
Burch Colposuspension can provide an effective surgical treatment option for appropriately selected women with stress urinary incontinence. Treatment planning considers the severity and type of incontinence, bladder function, pelvic floor anatomy, previous continence procedures, associated pelvic organ prolapse, and overall health. A detailed urogynecological assessment helps determine whether Burch colposuspension is appropriate and whether an open, laparoscopic, or robotic approach is most suitable.
Choosing VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital for Genitourinary Reconstruction gives patients access to experienced reconstructive urologists, advanced urinary imaging and endoscopy, specialized microsurgical and tissue-reconstruction facilities, modern operating systems, and structured postoperative care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and provides specialized care for complex genitourinary conditions.
Genitourinary Reconstruction is performed under appropriate anaesthesia, with the surgical approach determined by the specific anatomical defect and functional requirements. The surgeon repairs or reconstructs the affected urinary or genital structures using appropriate tissue and surgical techniques. Depending on the procedure, a catheter or temporary urinary drainage system may be required during healing. Postoperative monitoring may include assessment for infection, bleeding, urinary leakage, obstruction, wound-healing problems, and recurrence of the original defect.
VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital is a trusted healthcare provider for Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP), offering advanced laser treatment for prostate enlargement supported by experienced urologists, endourologists, anesthesiologists, and multidisciplinary urinary care teams. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is situated in Samsun, Turkey and has 300 beds.
Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate works by separating the enlarged inner portion of the prostate from the surrounding prostate capsule. The enucleated tissue is moved into the bladder and subsequently fragmented and removed using a morcellator. This approach can remove a substantial volume of obstructing prostate tissue while preserving the external prostate capsule and creating a wider channel for urine flow.
VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialised Ileal Conduit with a focus on safe urinary diversion, preservation of kidney function, appropriate stoma placement, and individualized postoperative urological and stoma care. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds, with modern uro-oncology, reconstructive surgery, imaging, intensive-care, and rehabilitation infrastructure.
Ileal Conduit can provide a reliable urinary diversion option for appropriately selected patients who require removal or bypass of the bladder. Treatment planning considers the underlying condition, kidney function, ureteral anatomy, previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, nutritional status, and overall health. A multidisciplinary assessment helps determine whether an ileal conduit is appropriate and supports planning for stoma location, postoperative recovery, long-term appliance management, and follow-up care.
At VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital, Mitrofanoff Procedure is performed using specialized reconstructive urological techniques and comprehensive assessment of bladder storage and emptying function. Established in 2017, this JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and offers advanced urology, pediatric urology, urinary reconstruction, and bladder-management services.
Mitrofanoff Procedure may be considered for patients who cannot reliably empty the bladder through the urethra or for whom urethral catheterization is difficult or unsuitable. Before surgery, specialists may perform urodynamic testing, ultrasound, kidney-function assessment, urine testing, and other investigations to evaluate bladder capacity, pressure, and emptying. During the procedure, a catheterizable channel is created and connected to the bladder, with its outer opening positioned at a convenient location on the abdominal wall.
Choosing VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital for Pyeloplasty gives patients access to experienced reconstructive urologists, advanced renal imaging, laparoscopic and robotic surgical systems, specialized anesthesia services, and structured postoperative monitoring. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital in Samsun, Turkey has 300 beds and provides specialized treatment for urinary drainage disorders.
Pyeloplasty is performed under appropriate anaesthesia, with the surgical approach selected according to the severity and cause of UPJ obstruction. The narrowed area is repaired or removed, and the ureter is reconnected to the renal pelvis. A temporary ureteral stent or drainage tube may be placed to support healing and maintain urine flow. Postoperative monitoring focuses on infection, bleeding, urine leakage, obstruction, stent-related symptoms, and kidney function.
VM Medical Park Samsun Hospital provides specialised Radical Cystectomy with a focus on comprehensive tumor removal, appropriate lymph-node management, preservation of relevant anatomical structures where possible, and individualized urinary reconstruction. Established in 2017, the JCI accredited hospital is located in Samsun, Turkey and operates 300 beds, with modern uro-oncology, robotic surgery, pathology, imaging, intensive-care, and rehabilitation infrastructure.
Radical Cystectomy can provide an important treatment option for appropriately selected patients with advanced or high-risk bladder cancer. Treatment planning considers the tumor stage and location, lymph-node involvement, previous treatments, kidney function, overall health, and suitability for urinary reconstruction. A multidisciplinary oncology assessment may also determine whether chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or other cancer treatments are appropriate before or after surgery.
























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