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Orchidopexy is done to reposition and fix an undescended or abnormally positioned testicle into the scrotum. It helps reduce the risk of infertility and testicular cancer, prevents complications like torsion and hernia, allows proper testicular development, and makes future examination and monitoring easier.
You should see a doctor if a testicle is not visible or palpable in the scrotum in an infant after 6 months of age, or if a child, adolescent, or adult has an undescended or retractile testis. Immediate medical attention is needed for sudden scrotal pain, swelling, or suspected testicular torsion.
Preparation for orchidopexy includes a physical examination and, if needed, ultrasound or blood tests. The child or patient is usually required to fast for a few hours before surgery, and parents or patients receive guidance on medications, anaesthesia, and postoperative care.
Orchidopexy is performed under general anaesthesia by a specialised surgical team. The surgeon makes a small incision in the groin or scrotum, locates the undescended or twisted testicle, and carefully moves it into the scrotum. The testicle is secured in place with dissolvable stitches, any associated hernia is repaired if present, and the incisions are closed and dressed. If the testicle is unhealthy, it may be removed and replaced with a prosthesis.
An orchidopexy procedure usually takes about 1 hour.
An orchiopexy can have the following risks:
- Anesthesia-related reactions
- Infection
- Hematoma, or a mass of clotted blood
- Bruising, swelling, and scarring
Orchidopexy helps improve long-term testicular health by reducing the risk of infertility and allowing easier monitoring for testicular cancer. It lowers the risk of testicular injury by placing the testicle safely in the scrotum and is a safe procedure with minimal complications, usually allowing same-day discharge.
After orchidopexy, mild pain or discomfort is common for a few days to a week, and stitches usually dissolve within two weeks. Temporary tiredness, nausea, or vomiting may occur due to anaesthesia. Most children and adults can return to normal daily activities within 2-3 days, but strenuous activities and sports should be avoided for at least two weeks. Recovery time can vary, so it’s important to follow the healthcare provider’s postoperative care instructions.
Orchiopexy, the surgery for undescended testicles, has a very high success rate, frequently approaching 100% for palpable testes. Some studies show 96-99% success in correctly positioning the testicle in the scrotum, though rates can vary slightly (eg, 89-96%) depending on the technique used and the testicle's initial position.
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+99Process Involved for Orchidopexy
Diagnosis & Pre-Surgical Evaluation
- Physical exam and medical history
- Scrotal ultrasound if the testicle is non-palpable
- Anaesthesia fitness check
Pre-Surgery Preparations
- Fasting and medication review
- Discussion of procedure and expected outcomes
Procedure
- Performed under general anaesthesia
- Small incision inthe groin or scrotum
- Testicle located, moved into the scrotum, and secured with dissolvable stitches
- Hernias are repaired if present
Post-Surgical Recovery
- Short hospital stay or same-day discharge
- Pain management and scrotal support
- Avoid strenuous activity for 2 weeks
Long-Term Follow-Up
- Regular follow-ups to monitor testicular growth and function
- Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism)
- Testicular torsion
- Retractile testis
- High intra-abdominal testes
- Associated inguinal hernia
- Previously failed orchidopexy cases
Orchidopexy is performed based on the underlying condition and symptoms:
- Undescended Testicle Correction: Surgically moves one or both undescended testicles into the scrotum and secures them in place.
- Testicular Torsion Repair: Untwists the spermatic cord to restore blood flow and secures the testicle to prevent future twisting.
The procedure type is chosen based on the patient’s symptoms and the specific testicular condition.
- Infants or children with undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) usually present after 6 months of age.
- Presence of a retractile or high-riding testis that does not descend naturally.
- Testicular torsion requiring surgical correction.
- An associated inguinal hernia that needs repair along with testicular fixation.
- Adolescents or adults with undiagnosed or untreated undescended testis affecting fertility or causing discomfort.
- Overall, good health to undergo general anaesthesia and surgery.
- Hernia repair (inguinal hernia)
- Testicular biopsy (if needed for abnormal testicle)
- Laparoscopic exploration for non-palpable testis
- Contralateral testis fixation (to prevent torsion)
- Prosthetic testicle implantation (if testicle is absent or removed)
- Health Benefits: Lowers the chance of infertility and makes it simpler to check for testicular cancer.
- Reduced Risk of Injury: By securely positioning the testicle in the scrotum, it is protected.
- Safety: Most patients return home the same day; minimally invasive; little risk of problems.
- Testicle securely positioned in the scrotum
- Reduced risk of infertility
- Lowered risk of testicular torsion and injury
- Improved ability to monitor for testicular cancer
- Normal testicular growth and development over time
- Enhanced scrotal appearance and symmetry
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