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Country

Cost

Local_currency

Israel

USD 5740 - 7120

21812 - 27056

Turkey

USD 7500

226050

United States

USD 20000

20000

Spain

USD 15000

13800

Saudi Arabia

USD 8000

30000

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a congenital heart condition where there's an ongoing opening between two major blood vessels. This happens when the usual closure of a vessel, called the “ductus arteriosus”, doesn't occur after birth. While a small PDA may not pose issues and might not need treatment, a larger, untreated one can lead to complications like weakened heart muscles and heart failure. Treatment options include regular checkups, medications, or a procedure to close the opening if necessary.

The exact reason why DA remains open (patent) in some infants is still unknown. However, girls are twice as likely to suffer from PDA as boys. Additionally, PDA may occur in combination with other heart defects as well.

PDA, if left untreated, may lead to several complications. Because of the flow of oxygenated blood from the aorta to the pulmonary artery and the mixing of blood, the vessels of the lungs have to handle a large amount of blood. The larger the volume of blood that enters the pulmonary artery, the greater they have to cope with the increased pressure. This may lead to long-term damage to the lungs.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) can be classified into different types based on various factors such as size, clinical presentation, and associated conditions. The primary types include:

Small PDA: these are typically asymptomatic.may not require immediate treatment.
Moderate-sized PDA: May cause mild symptoms or complications.

Treatment decisions depend on individual cases

Large PDA: More likely to cause noticeable symptoms.Increased risk of complications like heart failure.
Complex PDA: PDA occurs alongside other heart abnormalities.
Symptomatic PDA: This PDA has noticeable symptoms such as poor feeding, breathing difficulties, or fatigue.
PDA in Preterm Infants: This is more common in premature babies, and may close on its own or require medical intervention.

The classification helps healthcare professionals tailor treatment plans based on the specific characteristics and needs of individuals with Patent Ductus Arteriosus.

PDA closure aims to eliminate the abnormal blood flow between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by a persistent ductus arteriosus. This fetal blood connection fails to close after birth. This treatment enhances long-term cardiovascular growth and health by avoiding complications such as growth retardation, pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, and a high risk of endocarditis.

Children with symptoms of PDA, including poor feeding, rapid breathing, failure to thrive, fatigue during feeding, or a heart murmur, must be evaluated by a paediatrician or cardiologist. Premature infants can have PDA detected by routine echocardiograms even without symptoms. In adults, undiagnosed PDA may present as fatigue, palpitations, or shortness of breath.

Preparation involves a thorough physical examination, echocardiography to verify the diagnosis and estimate size and effect, chest X-ray, and laboratory tests. Patients (or parents) are educated regarding the procedure. In most instances, fasting for several hours before the procedure is necessary. Preterm babies might require stabilisation in the NICU before intervention.

Transcatheter closure: A catheter is guided to the heart through a vein in the groin. An occlusion device or coil is used to stop the PDA. This is the recommended approach for most newborns, children, and adults.
Surgical Ligation: When catheter-based closure is impractical, particularly in extremely small or preterm neonates, surgical ligation is used. The PDA is clipped or tied off after a little incision is made in the chest.

The majority of the patients are hospitalised for one to two days, and transcatheter closure occurs in a period of one to two hours. A hospital stay of up to a week is often required following surgical ligation, which lasts from one to three hours, especially in the case of premature infants.

Bleeding
Infection
Residual shunting
Injury to nearby structures
Allergic reaction to contrast dye

PDA closure decreases the danger of heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, reduces volume load on the heart and lungs, improves neonatal growth and feeding, and reduces long-term cardiovascular issues. It typically normalises circulation and development.

Recovery is usually quick after transcatheter closure. There may be mild soreness or discomfort in the groin, and activity might be limited temporarily. Surgical patients take longer to recover and are observed for respiratory complications and wound healing. Successful closure is confirmed by follow-up echocardiography.

PDA closure with catheter-based procedures has a high success rate of 95–99%. Additionally, surgical ligation works quite well. Excellent results are achieved over the long term, especially with early treatment. Most patients don't have any further heart issues and lead regular lives.