Alvina Hasan is a dedicated medical researcher and scientific writer with a strong foundation in pharmaceutical sciences. She holds a B.Pharm from Jamia Hamdard University and an M.Pharm in Quality Assurance from DIPSAR University.

With deep medical expertise and a strong interest in healthcare communication, she focuses on transforming complex clinical and scientific information into clear, engaging, and easy-to-understand narratives. She develops insightful healthcare articles and research-driven content designed to support both medical professionals and patients, helping bridge the gap between advanced medical knowledge and practical understanding.

Readers can explore her published research and articles here:

https://carcinogenesis.com/index.php/JOC/article/view/868

https://carcinogenesis.com/index.php/JOC/article/view/870

Reviewer

Dr. Ashish George

Gastroenterologist

18 Years of Experience

Last Reviewed - June 2026

Dr. Ashish George is one of the leading names in HPB surgery & liver transplantation and has about 18+ years of experience.He is a principal consultant & unit head of liver transplant at Fortis Shalimar Bagh.

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AFRICAN FERTILITY CENTRE (AFC)

Casablanca, Morocco

38+ Procedures

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Process Involved for Cystolitholapaxy in Casablanca

Diagnosis & Pre-Surgical Evaluation

Urine tests, blood tests, and imaging (ultrasound or CT scan) to locate bladder stones
Assessment of overall health and fitness for anaesthesia and surgery

Pre-Surgery Preparations

Fasting before surgery as instructed by the healthcare provider
Review and adjustment of medications, if needed
Discussion of the procedure type (transurethral or percutaneous) and expected outcomes

Procedure

Minimally invasive removal of bladder stones using a cystoscope
Stones are broken into small pieces using a laser or ultrasound device and washed out of the bladder
Performed under local or general anaesthesia

Post-Surgical Recovery

Short hospital stay or same-day discharge
Pain management and catheter care, if required
Gradual return to normal activities

Long-Term Follow-Up

Follow-up visits to monitor urinary function and check for stone recurrence
Lifestyle guidance and hydration recommendations to prevent future bladder stones

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Bladder stones are causing pain
Difficulty urinating
Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Large or multiple bladder stones
Bladder outlet obstruction-related stones

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Transurethral Cystolitholapaxy: The most common method, where a cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to locate stones, which are then broken into small pieces using a laser or ultrasound device for removal.
Percutaneous Suprapubic Cystolitholapaxy: Used for children with narrow urethras or adults with large stones; involves one incision in the lower abdomen and another in the bladder to remove the stones.

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Patients experiencing bladder stones that cause pain, difficulty urinating, or recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and do not improve with medication.
Individuals with large, multiple, or hard bladder stones that cannot pass naturally.
Patients with underlying urinary tract conditions, such as bladder outlet obstruction or recurrent stone formation.

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Urethral stricture repair
Bladder outlet obstruction treatment
Stone fragmentation using laser or ultrasound
Percutaneous suprapubic stone removal
Treatment of coexisting urinary tract conditions

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Minimally invasive procedure
Quick recovery time
Effectively removes bladder stones
Prevents recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Reduces the risk of permanent bladder or kidney damage

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Urinary symptoms are relieved for the majority of people.
Stones are completely removed or fragmented
Enhanced urination and decreased discomfort
Reduced chance of recurring UTIs
Fast recovery with minor problems

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