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Bladder augmentation is performed to increase bladder capacity and reduce elevated bladder pressure in patients with bladder dysfunction due to neurological or spinal conditions. It helps control urine leakage, relieve urgency and pain, protect the kidneys from damage, and improve bladder function, especially for patients with long-term bladder emptying difficulties who require self-catheterisation.
If you experience ongoing urinary leakage, frequent urgency, bladder pain, difficulty holding urine, repeated urinary tract infections, or reduced bladder capacity that does not improve with medication or catheterisation, you should consult a urologist to discuss the possibility of Bladder Augmentation (Cystoplasty).
You will see a doctor for a comprehensive evaluation before to bladder augmentation, which will include a physical examination, blood tests, imaging investigations, cystoscopy, and urodynamic testing. All prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal medications you take should be disclosed to your doctor because some medications, including aspirin, anti-inflammatory medicines, and specific supplements, may need to be stopped in order to lower the risk of bleeding.
Bladder augmentation is performed either through an open abdominal incision or using a minimally invasive robotic approach. During the procedure, the surgeon creates an opening at the top of the bladder and removes a section of the small or large intestine. This bowel segment is then opened, reshaped, and attached to the bladder to increase its size. The bladder and bowel are carefully stitched together to form a larger, low-pressure bladder. After surgery, tubes are placed in the bladder and abdomen to allow continuous drainage and flushing while the bladder heals.
A bladder augmentation typically takes two to six hours.
- Complications associated with anesthesia.
- Healing issues.
- Infection.
- Hematoma, a mass of clotted blood.
- Swelling.
- Bruises.
- Unfavourable scarring.
- Formation of a hernia.
- Increases bladder size and storage capacity
- Reduces high bladder pressure and protects kidney function
- Decreases urine leakage and incontinence episodes
- Increases the time between catheterisations
- Improves bladder control and comfort
- Enhances overall quality of life and daily independence
Following Bladder Augmentation (Cystoplasty), patients typically remain in the hospital for several days for close monitoring. Recovery focuses on pain management, proper catheter care, gradual reintroduction of normal activities, and regular follow-up visits. Full bladder function and adaptation may take additional time, depending on individual healing and overall health, but most patients can resume daily routines within a few weeks.
Bladder augmentation is generally associated with favourable outcomes in appropriately selected patients. Most individuals experience meaningful improvements in bladder capacity and urinary continence, leading to a better quality of life. Results may vary based on the underlying condition and surgical technique, and long-term follow-up is essential to monitor outcomes and manage potential complications.
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+99Process Involved for Bladder Augmentation (Cystoplasty)
Diagnosis & Pre-Surgical Evaluation
- Urology consultation and detailed medical history
- Physical examination, blood tests, imaging studies (ultrasound, X-ray, CT/MRI)
- Cystoscopy and urodynamic testing to assess bladder function
- Assessment of kidney health and overall surgical fitness
Pre-Surgery Preparations
- Review and adjustment of medications, including those affecting bleeding
- Pre-anaesthesia evaluation and fasting before surgery
- Discussion of the surgical approach (open or minimally invasive/robotic) and the bowel segment to be used
Procedure
- Creation of an opening in the bladder
- Removal and preparation of a segment of intestine
- Attachment of the bowel segment to the bladder to increase capacity
- Performed under general anaesthesia
Post-Surgical Recovery
- Hospital monitoring, pain management, and catheter care
- Gradual return to normal activities and bladder training
- Monitoring for infection, leakage, or other complications
Long-Term Follow-Up
- Regular urology follow-ups and kidney function monitoring
- Ongoing bladder management and catheterisation guidance if needed
- Lifestyle adjustments and long-term monitoring for metabolic or urinary complications
- Neurogenic bladder caused by spinal cord injury or neurological disorders
- Congenital bladder abnormalities, such as bladder exstrophy or spina bifida
- Severely reduced bladder capacity
- A high-pressure bladder that may damage the kidneys
- Severe urinary incontinence not responding to medications
- Chronic bladder dysfunction requiring long-term catheterisation
- Standard (Open) Cystoplasty: Traditional open surgery to enlarge the bladder using a segment of the intestine.
- Laparoscopic Cystoplasty: Minimally invasive approach using small incisions and a camera.
- Robotic-Assisted Cystoplasty: Robot-guided minimally invasive surgery for enhanced precision and faster recovery.
- Patients with severe or chronic bladder dysfunction not responding to medications or catheterisation
- Individuals with reduced bladder capacity or high-pressure bladders who risk kidney damage
- Patients with urinary incontinence, frequent infections, or poor bladder muscle function
- People who are medically fit for surgery based on overall health and urological evaluation
- Urodynamic studies for bladder function assessment
- Cystoscopy for evaluation of bladder structure
- Urinary catheter placement (temporary or long-term)
- Creation of a catheterizable stoma (Mitrofanoff procedure), if required
- Ureteric reimplantation in cases of reflux
- Postoperative bladder irrigation and training procedures
- Increased Bladder Capacity
- Improved Continence
- Protection of Kidney Function
- Enhanced Quality of Life
- Enhanced Quality of Life
- Reduced UTIs
- Increased bladder capacity and improved urine storage
- Reduced urinary leakage and improved continence
- Lower bladder pressure helps protect kidney function
- Decreased urinary urgency, frequency, and bladder discomfort
- Reduced risk of recurrent urinary tract infections in selected patients
- Improved quality of life and daily independence
- Better long-term bladder control with appropriate bladder training and follow-up
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