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Country

Cost

Local_currency

United Kingdom

USD 6000 - 11685

4740 - 9231

Turkey

USD 4000

120560

Spain

USD 6543

6020

United States

USD 6412 - 10030

6412 - 10030

Singapore

USD 5000 - 10000

6700 - 13400

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is a procedure utilized by Surgeons for both diagnosing and treating bladder cancer simultaneously.

During TURBT, a Surgeon employs a slender tool equipped with a camera, known as a cystoscope, to locate the tumor within the bladder and excise it. The removed tumor is then sent to a laboratory for examination by a pathologist. This analysis aids in determining the tumor's stage, indicating how deeply it has infiltrated the bladder wall, as well as its grade, which reflects the degree of abnormality in its cells compared to normal cells.

TURBT does not require any incisions; instead, the cystoscope is inserted through the urethra, the tube through which urine exits the body, to access the bladder.

Causes of tumor in the bladder

The causes of tumors in the bladder are not clear and well defined but it has been linked to smoking, chemical exposure to radiation, or a parasitic infection. The abnormal cells undergo some mutation that allows them to multiply nonorderly, which goes beyond control and does not die, thus giving rise to the tumor.

Classification:

Tumor Stage Classification: Tumors are staged based on how far they have grown into the layers of the bladder wall. The most commonly used staging system for bladder cancer is the TNM system, which stands for Tumor, Node, and Metastasis. The tumor stage is classified as follows:

Ta: Non-invasive papillary carcinoma
Tis: Carcinoma in situ (CIS)
T1: Tumor invades the subepithelial connective tissue
T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria
T3: Tumor invades the perivesical tissue
T4: Tumor invades any of the following: prostate, uterus, vagina, pelvic wall, or abdominal wall.

The primary indications for TURBT are the staging, diagnosis, and treatment of bladder tumours, particularly non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Goals include removing apparent tumours, collecting tissue for biopsy, preventing recurrence, and guiding further treatment, such as intravesical therapy.

Consult a doctor if you have symptoms like hematuria (urine containing blood), frequent urination, pelvic pain, painful urination, or unexplained fatigue. Early diagnosis allows for better outcomes and less invasive treatments.

Your clinician will instruct you on how to prepare for the removal of a bladder tumour. By diligently adhering to their instructions, you can minimise your risk of problems.

Before TURBT, you may be instructed to:

Eight hours before the operation, avoid eating anything.
Before the procedure, either suspend taking your medications or take it with a glass of water. Except on advice from your doctor, do not stop taking your pills.
Following the procedure, arrange for someone to take you home.
Before the treatment, shower or take a bath. Do not apply deodorants, lotions, or perfumes on that day.

Scope Insertion: The physician carefully inserts a cystoscope (a thin, tube-shaped instrument with a camera and light) into the bladder via the urethra to examine its lining.
Tumour Identification and Removal: After finding the tumour, the physician employs a small cutting tool on the scope to carefully remove the bladder tumour. The removed tissue is taken to a pathology laboratory for testing and diagnosis.
Bleeding Control: Following removal of the tumour, heat (electrocautery) is applied to the site to control any bleeding and close the bladder wall.
Scope Removal and Catheter Insertion: The cystoscope is removed. A urinary catheter can be placed through the urethra into the bladder to assist with draining urine and other fluids and prevent clot formation. However, a catheter is not always necessary.

It can take six weeks to feel completely recovered from a TURBT procedure.

Risks from anaesthesia (such as allergic reactions and respiratory distress).
Urinary tract infections.
Excessive bleeding or bleeding that lasts a long time.
Bladder trauma.

TURBT's capability to biopsy and destroy cancers that are not spread outside of your bladder is its major advantage. This reduces the number of procedures and risks you must undergo.

Patients can have mild bleeding or discomfort while urinating for a few days. Rest, fluids, and avoidance of strenuous activities are recommended. Catheter care (if necessary) and follow-up cystoscopy or intravesical therapy can be included in long-term management.

Outcome is based on tumour size, number, grade, and risk of recurrence. TURBT is very effective for non-muscle-invasive tumours, with 5-year survival rates for low-grade NMIBC of 80–90%. Because of the high risk of recurrence, follow-up is necessary.