Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is a procedure utilized by Surgeons for both diagnosing and treating bladder cancer simultaneously.
During TURBT, a Surgeon employs a slender tool equipped with a camera, known as a cystoscope, to locate the tumor within the bladder and excise it. The removed tumor is then sent to a laboratory for examination by a pathologist. This analysis aids in determining the tumor's stage, indicating how deeply it has infiltrated the bladder wall, as well as its grade, which reflects the degree of abnormality in its cells compared to normal cells.
TURBT does not require any incisions; instead, the cystoscope is inserted through the urethra, the tube through which urine exits the body, to access the bladder.
Causes of tumor in the bladder
The causes of tumors in the bladder are not clear and well defined but it has been linked to smoking, chemical exposure to radiation, or a parasitic infection. The abnormal cells undergo some mutation that allows them to multiply nonorderly, which goes beyond control and does not die, thus giving rise to the tumor.
Classification:
Tumor Stage Classification: Tumors are staged based on how far they have grown into the layers of the bladder wall. The most commonly used staging system for bladder cancer is the TNM system, which stands for Tumor, Node, and Metastasis. The tumor stage is classified as follows:
- Ta: Non-invasive papillary carcinoma
- Tis: Carcinoma in situ (CIS)
- T1: Tumor invades the subepithelial connective tissue
- T2: Tumor invades the muscularis propria
- T3: Tumor invades the perivesical tissue
- T4: Tumor invades any of the following: prostate, uterus, vagina, pelvic wall, or abdominal wall.
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