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Cost of External Ventricular Drainage in Major Cities of Lithuania
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An external ventricular drain (EVD), also referred to as ventriculostomy or extra ventricular drain, is a neurosurgical device used to manage hydrocephalus and reduce elevated intracranial pressure caused by blockages in the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain.
The temporary drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the lateral ventricles of the brain or the lumbar area of the spine into an external collection bag is known as external drainage and monitoring. Using a mix of gravity and intracerebral pressure, an external ventricular drainage (EVD) system drains CSF. The rate of drainage is determined by the height of the EVD system in relation to the patient's anatomy.
In neurocritical care, EVDs are used to:
- Reduce high intracranial pressure (ICP)
- CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) that has become infectious should be drained
- After surgery or a hemorrhage, drain any crimson CSF or blood
- Keep an eye on the CSF flow rate
- Patients undergoing open TAA/TAAA repair surgery or who become symptomatic after surgery should have their CSF removed
Types of drainage used in EVD:
- Continuous drainage
- Intermittent drainage
External ventricular drainage (EVD) decreases increased intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by trauma, disease, haemorrhage, or excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). While the underlying brain pathology is being treated, EVD drains CSF, monitors ICP, and stabilises the patient. In subarachnoid haemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, or hydrocephalus, EVD can be life-saving.
You should seek medical attention immediately if you experience any of the following symptoms of increased intracranial pressure: a sudden headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, visual changes, confusion, seizures, or loss of consciousness. These may indicate the need for brain imaging immediately and the possible placement of an EVD.
There is limited planning since EVD is often done in an emergency. Blood test, coagulation studies, and imaging (CT or MRI) are conducted in a planned scenario. The scalp is cleaned and sterilised after consent is obtained. Depending on their well-being, patients can be sedated or under general anaesthesia.
- A neurosurgeon places a catheter in the ventricular system of the brain following creation of a minute hole (burr hole) in the cranium, normally in the forehead bone.
- To measure and control intracranial pressure and to let CSF be drained out, the catheter is connected to an external draining and monitoring unit.
- The drain is pitched to a definite level to control the flow.
The procedure takes 30–60 minutes. The drain is left in place for a few days to weeks based on the underlying condition and response to treatment. Hospitalisation varies with the severity of illness.
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Hematoma
- Catheter blockage
EVD can quickly lower brain pressure, halt further brain injury, and allow continued draining and monitoring of the CSF. When needed, it serves as a bridge to more definitive treatments, such as a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt and is essential in treating life-threatening diseases.
In critical care, patients are monitored. Nursing staff continually monitor neurological status and adjust the drainage system. Antibiotics can be given to prevent infection. Once the underlying issue has stabilised, the EVD may be clamped and removed. Neurological exams and repeat imaging monitor continuing care.
The solution's success depends on the underlying illness and how fast the solution is applied. EVD can significantly reduce mortality and improve neurological outcomes in emergency conditions. Sterile procedures and proper management increase overall effectiveness and reduce problems.
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Meliva Kardiolita Hospital, Kaunas
Kaunas, Lithuania
Apart from in-detail treatment procedures available, Kardiolita Hospital, Kaunas located in Kaunas, Lithuania has a wide variety of facilities available for International Patients. Some of the facilities which are provided by them are Accommodation, Airport Transfer, Choice of Meals. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- An outpatient department, 56-beds for inpatients
- 13 advanced operation theatres
- 24-hour intensive care unit
- Emergency Department
- Gynecology Center
- Vascular Center
- ENT Center
- Neurology Center
- General and Abdominal Surgery Center
- The staff also takes care of your air travel and pick & drop facility
- Gynecology Center
- Vascular Center
- ENT Center
- Neurology Center
- General and Abdominal Surgery Center
- The staff also takes care of your air travel and pick & drop facility
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+99Process Involved for External Ventricular Drainage in Kaunas
- Consultation: To assess symptoms and determine if EVD is warranted, make an appointment with a neurosurgeon or neurologist.
- Preoperative Assessment: To verify the diagnosis of hydrocephalus or other illness necessitating EVD, take a patient's medical history and symptoms and perform imaging studies.
- Treatment Discussion: Based on the patient's condition, decide whether EVD is the most appropriate course of action or whether other treatments could be considered.
- Surgical Planning: Discuss the procedure's benefits, risks, and expected recovery with the patient.
- After Surgery Follow-up: Monitor recovery, deal with any issue, and check the procedure's effectiveness with follow-up imaging and symptom checking.
- Acute Hydrocephalus
- Traumatic Brain Injury
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Brain Tumors
- Infections
- Acute Hydrocephalus (increased intracranial pressure due to fluid buildup)
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) (with hydrocephalus or brain swelling)
- Intracranial Hemorrhage (bleeding in the brain)
- Brain Tumors
- Post-Surgical Drainage
- Infections (such as meningitis, requiring pressure relief)
- Reduced Intracranial Pressure
- Improved Neurological Function
- Prevention of Further Brain Damage
- Stabilisation of the Patient’s Condition
- Neurologist
- Neurosurgeon
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