Extreme mood swings characterized by emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression) are the characteristic features of bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic depression.

When you're depressed, you could experience feelings of sadness or despair as well as lose interest in or pleasure from most things. Mania or hypomania, which is less severe than mania, can cause mood swings that include euphoria, excessive energy, or extraordinary irritability. Sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavior, and the capacity for thinking clearly can all be impacted by these mood changes.

Mood swing episodes may occur infrequently or frequently throughout the year. Some people may not have any emotional symptoms in between bouts, but most people will. Even though bipolar disorder is a lifelong diagnosis, you can control other symptoms like mood swings by adhering to a treatment plan. The majority of the time, psychotherapy and medication are used to manage bipolar disorder.

Although the exact cause of bipolar disorder is uncertain, several factors, including:

• Biological differences: The brains of individuals suffering from bipolar disorder seem to undergo physical alterations. Although the significance of these changes is still unknown, they could potentially help in identifying the root causes.
• Genetics: Those who have a parent or sibling who is a first-degree relative with bipolar disorder are more likely to suffer from the condition themselves.