Spinal Fusion: Symptoms, Classification, Diagnosis & Recovery

Before undergoing spinal fusion surgery, a thorough diagnostic process is typically conducted to assess the specific condition of the spine and determine the appropriateness of the procedure. Common diagnostic tests and evaluations before spinal fusion may include:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: A comprehensive review of the patient's medical history, including a discussion of symptoms, previous treatments, and any relevant health conditions. A physical examination helps assess the overall health and functionality of the spine.
• Imaging Studies: X-rays, CT Scans, and MRIs are performed to get the detailed Provide detailed images of the spine to identify issues such as fractures, degeneration, or misalignments.
• Bone Density Testing: Assess bone density through techniques like dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to identify conditions like osteoporosis, which may impact the choice of spinal fusion materials.
• Nerve Conduction Studies and Electromyography (EMG): Evaluates nerve function and identifies potential nerve compression or damage. Discography: It Involves injecting contrast dye into specific discs and imaging them to assess disc abnormalities, such as degeneration or herniation.

During spinal fusion, surgeons perform the procedure while the patient is under general anesthesia. The specific technique used depends on factors like the location of the spinal bones to be fused, the purpose of the fusion, and the individual's overall health.

Here's an overview of the process:

• Accessing the Spine: Surgeons make incisions in one of three areas: either on the back directly over the spine, on the sides of the spine, or in the stomach area or throat when accessing the spine from the front.
• Preparing the Bone Graft: The bone graft, sourced from a bone bank or the patient's own body (typically the pelvis), is readied for the procedure. In some cases, surgeons may opt for synthetic materials instead of bone grafts. If using the patient's bone, a small portion is removed near the pelvic bone.
• Fusion: The surgeon places the bone graft material between the spinal bones, facilitating the fusion process. Metal plates, screws, or rods may be utilized to stabilize and support the bones during the healing of the bone graft.

Following spinal fusion surgery, patients typically stay in the hospital for two to three days. While some pain and discomfort may be experienced, effective medication management is usually provided. Once at home, promptly contact your doctor if signs of infection arise, such as redness, swelling, wound drainage, shaking chills, or a fever exceeding 100.4°F (38°C).

The healing and fusion of the affected spinal bones may take several months. Your doctor might recommend wearing a brace temporarily to maintain proper spinal alignment. Additionally, physical therapy can guide you in adopting movements and postures that support the correct alignment of your spine.