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Types of Heart Specialist/Cardiologist

A cardiologist can be of three types depending on the procedure they follow for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. These are:

• Cardiac Surgeon
• Interventional Cardiologist
• Pediatric Cardiologist

About Cardiac Surgeon

A cardiovascular surgeon is specialized in the diseases, conditions and disorders of the heart using medical and surgical treatment procedures. Cardiac Surgeons work in conjunction with a multidisciplinary healthcare team while working on any case.

When should you visit a Cardiac Surgeon?

Your physician might recommend you to visit a cardiac surgeon if you experience any of the below symptoms on a frequent or regular basis:

• Heart Pain
• High Total Cholesterol
• High Blood Pressure

What are the conditions/ diseases/ disorders a Cardiac Surgeon treats?

• Coronary Artery Disease
• Aortic Valve Disease
• Mitral Valve Disease
• Lung Canceresophageal
• Cancer atrial Septal Defects
• Ventricular Septal Defects
• Tetralogy of fallot
• A cardiac or cardiovascular surgeon could treat:
• Coronary artery disease or blockages of the arteries in the heart
• Blockages in the heart valve(s)
• Leaking heart valve(s)
• Abnormal enlargement or aneurysms of the large arteries in the chest
• Heart failure
• Atrial fibrillation

Procedures Performed by Cardiac Surgeons in Thailand

• Coronary artery bypass surgery
• Heart valve surgery
• Aortic surgery
• Septal defects (a hole between two of the heart’s chambers)
• Aortic and pulmonary valve stenosis (where the valve is narrower than normal)
• Transposition of the arteries
• Surgery to repair or replace aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections
• Arrhythmia surgery
• Congenital heart surgery
• Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery
• Heart transplant
• Left ventricular assist device (LVAD)
• Left ventricular remodeling/surgical ventricular restoration
• Myectomy/myotomy
• Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR)
• Valvular surgery

About Interventional Cardiologist

An interventional cardiologist is a cardiologist specialized in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases, congenital (present at birth) and structural heart conditions through catheter based procedures, such as angioplasty and stenting.

If your cardiologist advises you to undergo an angiogram test to understand in more detail about the blockages in your arteries, then you will have to visit an interventional cardiologist for the same.

Interventional Cardiology is the branch of medicine within the subspecialty of cardiology that uses diagnostic techniques to evaluate the blood pressure and flow in the coronary arteries and chambers of the heart. It also covers the technical procedures and medications to treat abnormalities that impair the function of the cardiovascular system.

An interventional cardiology provides treatment options for various heart and vascular conditions, such as:

• Coronary artery disease (CAD)
• Valvular heart disease
• Structural and non-valvular heart disease
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)
• Resistant hypertension
• Atrial septal defect
• Patent foramen ovale

Procedures Performed by Interventional Cardiologist in Thailand

• Heart valve repair or replacement
• Balloon aortic valvuloplasty
• Balloon mitral valvuloplasty
• Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
• Transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR)
• Treatments for arteries
• Percutaneous coronary intervention (angioplasty and stenting)
• Hybrid coronary revascularization
• Complex coronary intervention for chronic total occlusions
• Heart defect repair
• Atrial septal defect closure
• Patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure
• Reduction of stroke risk
• Left atrial appendage closure

About Pediatric Cardiologist

Pediatric cardiologists are specialists who diagnose, treat, rehabilitate and help in prevention of the cardiac (heart) conditions in infants and children. They work with children even since before their birth, through childhood and into adulthood.

Pediatric cardiology is the branch of medicine with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the heart conditions in babies (including unborn babies), children and teenagers. Pediatric cardiology as a field has greatly evolved in the past few years and has helped thousands of children to lead normal lives today.

Pediatric cardiologists work with specialists and other healthcare professionals as well to provide a holistic care your child needs. For instance, he might consult and/ or work with cardiac surgeons, nurses, dieticians, therapists, anaesthesiologists and or other healthcare professionals.

If your pediatrician has queries related to your child’s heart then he or she may be advised to visit a pediatric cardiologist. Since a pediatric cardiologist specializes in the diagnosing and treating heart problems in children. Children who need heart surgery are treated by pediatric heart surgeons to determine the best course of action and treatment.

Procedures Performed by Pediatric Cardiologist in Thailand

• Atrial Septal Defect repair
• Ventricular Septal Defect repair
• Coarctation of Aorta repair
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus closure
• Tetralogy of Fallot treatment
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Advanced imaging – CT/MRI
• Diagnostic and therapeutic catheterisation
• Exercise testing
• Cardiac event recording
• Chest x-ray
• Balloon atrial septostomy
• Paediatric cardiac transplantation
• Ultrasound scans of the heart

About Pediatric Cardiac Surgeon

A pediatric cardiac surgeon is a doctor specialized in providing medical and surgical treatment for cardiac (heart) conditions and disorders in children. Pediatric cardiac surgeons are trained and experienced to address both congenital (existing at the time of birth) as well as acquired heart problems in newborns, children and adolescents.

When should you consider visiting a Pediatric Cardiac Surgeon?

Your might consider taking your child for a visit with a Pediatric Cardiac Surgeon if you notice any of the one or more of the below warning signs:

• Severe pressure, squeezing, pain and/ or discomfort in the chest
• Pain or discomfort that spreads into the shoulders, neck, arms and/ or jaw
• Chest pain
• Chest pain combined with the following symptoms:
• Sweating, cool, clammy skin, and/or paleness
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or fainting
• Unexplained weakness or fatigue
• Rapid or irregular pulse
• Pain in the jaw, neck, upper back, and/or chest
• Hoarseness because of pressure on the vocal cords
• Difficulty swallowing
• Heart palpitations
• Anxiety
• Low blood pressure

Procedures Performed by Pediatric Cardiac Surgeon in Thailand

• Complete intracardiac repair
• Defect closures
• Heart valve repair and replacement
• Staged reconstructive surgery
• Absent Pulmonary Valve Repair
• Anomalous Left Coronary Artery Reimplantation
• Aortic Stenosis Repair – Valvular
• Aortic Stenosis Repair – Supravalvular
• Aortopulmonary Window Repair
• Atrial Septal Defect Repair
• Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Complete Repair
• Atrioventricular Septal Defect, Partial Repair
• Bicuspid Aortic Valve Repair
• Blalock-Taussig Shunt
• Coarctation of the Aorta Repair
• Coronary Artery Fistula Repair
• Damus-Kaye-Stansel Procedure
• Dilated Cardiomyopathy Repair
• Double Aortic Arch Repair
• Double-Inlet Left Ventricle Repair
• Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Repair
• Ebstein's Anomaly Repair
• Eisenmenger Complex Repair
• Electrophysiological Defects Repair
• Endocardial Cushion Defect Repair
• Fontan Operation
• Hypertension, Pulmonary Treatment
• Hypertension, Systemic Treatment
• Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Repair
• Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Repair
• Interrupted Aortic Arch Repair
• Jatene Arterial Switch Operation
• Kawasaki Disease Treatment
• Marfan Syndrome Repair
• Mitral Stenosis Repair
• Mitral Valve Prolapse Repair
• Norwood Procedure
• Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Repair
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation & Division
• Pulmonary Atresia Repair
• Pulmonary Stenosis Repair
• Ross Procedure
• Sano Modification of the Norwood Procedure
• Septal Myectomy
• Single Ventricle Repair - Tricuspid Atresia
• Single Ventricle Repair - Double Inlet Left Ventricle
• Single Ventricle Repair - Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
• Tetralogy of Fallot Repair
• Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Repair
• Transposition of the Great Arteries, D-Type Repair
• Tricuspid Atresia Repair
• Truncus Arteriosus Repair
• Vascular Ring Repair
• Ventricular Septal Defect Repair
• Catheterization Interventions
• Atrial Septal Defect Transcatheter Closure
• Patent Ductus Arteriosus Coil Embolization
• Patent Foramen OvaleTranscatheter Occlusion
• Transposition of the Great Arteries, Balloon Septostomy