Kidney Stone Removal: Symptoms, Classification, Diagnosis & Recovery

Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, or urolithiasis, are hard deposits made up of minerals and salt that form inside the kidneys.

Although passing kidney stones can be very painful, they typically do not cause permanent damage if treated promptly. In many cases, drinking plenty of water and taking pain medication may be sufficient to pass the stones. However, if the stones become clogged in the urinary tract, cause a urinary infection, or lead to complications, surgical intervention are necessary.

“Ureteroscopy” is a medical procedure used to treat kidney stones. During the procedure, a small telescope known as a ureteroscope is passed through the urethra and bladder, and then up the ureter to reach the stone's location. Ureteroscopy is typically performed under general anesthesia and usually takes between one to three hours to complete.

The main types of surgery for removing kidney stones are:

• shockwave lithotripsy (SWL)
• ureteroscopy
• percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL)

Generally, a Kidney stone will not show any symptoms until it moves within the kidney or passes into one of the ureters, Following are the signs and symptoms :

• Severe, sharp pain in the side and back, below the ribs
• Pain that radiates to the lower abdomen and groin
• Pain that comes in waves and fluctuates in intensity
• Urinating with discomfort or a burning feeling

Other signs and symptoms are;

• Pink, red, or brown urine
• Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
• A constant urge to urinate, more frequent or infrequent urination, or mild urination
• Nausea and vomiting
• Fever and chills if an infection is present