Abdominoperineal Resection

• You will be required to undergo different types of tests and attend a meeting with your specialist to get prepared for APR surgery. Don’t forget to ask every possible question from your doctor.
• Discuss each and every medicine and supplements which you are taking, it is better to bring them with you to the doctor’s clinic.
• If you have any kind of allergies from any medicine or general anaesthesia, do not forget to tell your specialist.
• Your specialist may suggest you some specific medications before AP resection and it is mandatory that you should not take any blood thinning medications at least one week prior to the surgery.
• On the day of perineal resection, you will be asked not to eat or drink anything after midnight before your surgery.
• You will be instructed about which medications you should take or avoid before the surgery.
• The cardiopulmonary risk is assessed and blood is typed and cross-matched before the procedure.
• You will be prescribed a bowel preparation to clean the stool from your colon and rectum before the APR surgery. There are several types of bowel preparations that may be prescribed, depending on the operation and preference of your surgeon.
• It is mandatory to follow the bowel preparation prescription strictly as directed.

• APR surgery starts with the administration of general anaesthesia. This ensures that patient remains asleep during the perineal resection.
• Then the surgeon makes a small cut near the belly button and inserts a laparoscope. A laparoscope has a tiny camera on one end. It is inserted through the cut so so that the inside can be seen.
• Once the laparoscopic camera is in the abdomen, the surgeon makes two to five more small cuts in the abdomen.
• Surgical instruments are inserted through ports placed on these cuts.
• The surgeon completes several steps before removing the rectum, anus, and sigmoid colon.
• The surgeon releases the sigmoid colon and rectum from their attachment to the surrounding structures after dividing the main blood vessels that serve the tumour sections of the bowel.
• The sigmoid colon is separated from the remaining large intestine after the separation.
• After the sigmoid colon and rectum are removed, the surgeon operates perineal region to cut away the anus.
• Finally, the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon are completely removed from the body.
• After perineal resection, the surgeon creates the stoma. It is known as a colostomy. The stoma is made from one of the surgical cuts usually placed on the left side of the abdomen.

• To create a stoma, the surgeon removes a small disk of skin from the area around the cut.
• The open end of the colon is pulled through the cut on the surface of the skin.
• The surgeon then stitches the stoma in the place and the abdominal cavity is rinsed out.
• A small drainage tube is inserted into one of the lower surgical cuts. This drainage tube will promote healing of the tissue inside the abdomen.
• Finally, the surgeon carefully inspects inside the abdominal cavity and the stitches are used to close the cuts.

Recovery of the patient depends on individual circumstances and general health of the patient. A patient may be required to stay in the hospital for three to seven days. However, some patients may need more time to recover.

You can walk and stand on the first day after AP resection and resume most of the usual activities shortly after the surgery. In fact, increased activity reduces the risk of blood clots and also improves breathing. A physical therapist will often visit you during your hospital stay and will help regain your strength after the surgery. After getting discharged from the hospital, avoid lifting more than 5 to 10 pounds for 4 weeks, as this allows the incisions to heal. It also decreases the risk of developing a hernia.