Epilepsy Treatment: Top 12 Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is Epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. It results from abnormal brain activity and can affect people of all ages, varying greatly in the types and frequency of seizures experienced.

2. What is a seizure? What are the major types of seizures?

A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, feelings, and levels of consciousness.
The major types of seizures are:

• Focal (Partial) Seizure: it affects only a part of the brain.
• Generalized Seizure: it affects both sides of the brain simultaneously.

It includes Absence Seizures and Tonic-clonic seizures.

a)Absence seizures: It is also known as Petit-mal seizures, it causes rapid blinking or brief moments of staring blankly.

b) Tonic-Clonic Seizures: Also known as grand mal seizures, these can cause an individual to:

• Shout involuntarily.
• Lose awareness.
• Collapse.
• Experience muscular jerking or twitching.

Following a tonic-clonic seizure, the individual might feel exhausted.

3. What are the treatment options for epilepsy?

Options for treatment of epilepsy in hospitals as follows:

• Medication: Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are the primary treatment to control seizures. Different medications may be recommended based on the type of epilepsy.
• Surgery: For those who don’t respond to medication, surgery to remove the area of the brain causing seizures may be an option.
• Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS): This involves implanting a device that sends electrical impulses to the brain through the vagus nerve to reduce seizure frequency.
• Dietary Therapy: The ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet, has been effective for some children with epilepsy.
• Responsive Neurostimulation (RNS): A device is implanted in the brain to detect seizure activity and deliver electrical stimulation to stop it before symptoms occur.

4. How can I effectively manage my epilepsy symptoms?

Effective management of epilepsy symptoms involves several strategies:

• Taking medications as prescribed by your doctor to control seizures.
• Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with regular sleep patterns, a balanced diet, and exercise.
• Avoid triggers that may provoke seizures, such as alcohol, stress, and lack of sleep.
• Practicing stress-reducing techniques like relaxation exercises or meditation.
• Educating family, friends, and coworkers about epilepsy to create a supportive environment.
• Attending regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor your condition and adjust treatment if necessary.
• By joining support groups or seeking counseling to cope with the emotional challenges of living with epilepsy.
• Exploring alternative therapies like acupuncture or yoga, but consult with your doctor before trying new treatments.

5. When to See Neuro specialist?

When a person starts experiencing unexplained seizures, side effects from epilepsy medications or needs assistance managing epilepsy during pregnancy, it’s advisable to consult with neuro specialist. These experts offer specialized knowledge and tailored treatment plans to better address epilepsy-related concerns and improve the overall management of the condition.

6. Can surgery cure epilepsy?

Surgery for epilepsy aims to reduce seizures by removing the brain tissue responsible for triggering them. While it may not guarantee a complete cure, it can significantly reduce seizure frequency and improve the overall quality of life for many patients, especially those with focal seizures that originate from a specific area of the brain. However, the effectiveness of surgery varies depending on factors such as the type and location of seizures, the patient’s overall health, and the success of the surgical procedure.

7. Who are the best doctors to treat epilepsy?

The best doctors to treat epilepsy
In India:

• Dr. Rajasekhar Reddy
• Dr. (Col.) Joy Dev Mukherjee

In Turkey

• Dr. Ali Zirh
• Prof. Dr. Memet Ozuk

In the United Kingdom

• Dr David Cholu
• Dr Ezzat Awad

In the United Arab Emirates

• Dr. Manoj Kumar Singh
• Dr. Wadih Baajour

In Thailand

• Dr. Atthaporn Boongird

7. Can deep brain stimulation treat epilepsy?

DBS is a treatment for epilepsy, not a cure. It involves implanting electrodes in the brain to reduce seizure frequency by modulating abnormal brain activity. While DBS can improve seizure control, it may not eliminate seizures, and outcomes vary among patients.

8. What is the role of rehabilitation in Epilepsy?

Rehabilitation Centre plays an important role in the holistic care of epilepsy, complementing medical treatments by enhancing overall well-being and independence. Employing a multidisciplinary approach, rehabilitation focuses on improving the physical, cognitive, emotional, educational, and social aspects of epilepsy, aiming to optimize the quality of life for individuals affected by the condition.

9. Is Epilepsy a fatal disease?

Epilepsy itself is not typically fatal, but it can lead to complications in rare cases, such as accidents during seizures or sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). However, with proper management and treatment, the majority of individuals with epilepsy can lead full and fulfilling lives.

10. Is epilepsy a hereditary condition? Will it be passed on to my children?

The majority of children won’t inherit epilepsy from their parents, certain types of epilepsy carry a slightly higher risk of being passed down. For instance, if only one parent has epilepsy, the likelihood is less than 5 in 100. However, if both parents have epilepsy, the risk increases slightly.
The risk of inheriting epilepsy depends on various factors, including the type of epilepsy, family history, and genetic predisposition. It’s essential to understand these probabilities and seek guidance from healthcare providers for personalized insights.