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What is Epithelial Ovarian Cancer?

The most prevalent kind of ovarian cancer is epithelial. This cancer starts in the epithelial tissue, a thin membrane covering the outside of the ovary.

Cancer may also develop in the lining of a fallopian tube. It could also begin in the peritoneum, the tissue surrounding your abdominal organs.

Medical professionals classify fallopian tube malignancies and primary peritoneal cancers as epithelial ovarian cancers.

What is the Importance of Timely Treatment?

Timely treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer is essential for increasing survival rates and quality of life. Early detection and intervention, such as surgery and chemotherapy, can dramatically improve treatment outcomes and remission rates.

Cancer is frequently identified in its later stages, when it has spread to other places, making treatment more challenging. Delaying therapy may allow the cancer to develop, potentially leading to problems such as organ damage, intestinal obstruction, and ascites (fluid accumulation).

Early and immediate therapy allows for better disease control, symptom management, and prevention of cancer spread, resulting in a better prognosis.

What are the Common Symptoms of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer?

Epithelial ovarian cancer rarely produces symptoms in its early stages. Symptoms worsen as the condition advances. As it spreads into your peritoneum (the tissue surrounding your abdominal organs), fluid accumulates in your abdomen (ascites).

  • Symptoms may include abdominal ache
  • Difficulty eating or becoming full quickly
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Bloating
  • Pelvic discomfort
  • Less common symptoms include urge incontinence and hyperactive bladder
  • Vaginal bleeding

Types of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Various types of epithelial ovarian cancer include :

  • Serous ovarian cancer
    • The most frequent type of ovarian cancer is high-grade serous carcinoma (grades 3 or 4). Its name includes the word "serous" because this type of cancer grows in the serous membrane of the epithelial layer of cells that lines the patient's abdomen and pelvis.
    • Low-grade serous carcinoma, the fourth most prevalent type of ovarian cancer, has cancer cells that proliferate at a slower rate than high-grade serous cancer.
  • Endometrioid ovarian carcinoma
    • This kind of cancer, which accounts for approximately 20% of all epithelial ovarian cancer cases, is frequently identified in earlier stages than serous ovarian carcinoma. It is commonly found in people who have a history of endometriosis.
  • Clear-cell carcinoma
    • Also known as "clear cell adenocarcinoma," this is a rare kind of epithelial ovarian cancer in which the cells appear clear under a microscope. It is also suspected to be associated with endometriosis.
  • Mucinous carcinoma
    • One of the most uncommon types of ovarian cancer, this subtype is distinguished by tumors with aberrant mucus-secreting cells. It is the most common subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer found in women under 40.

Causes, Risk Factors and Complications of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Causes

According to recent research, many ovarian malignancies begin in cells at the end of the fallopian tubes. Then they spread to the ovaries.

Risk Factors

Certain factors may raise your risk of ovarian cancer, including:

  • Family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer.
  • Inheriting a mutation in the BRCA gene.
  • Inheriting a gene associated with family cancer disorders such as Lynch syndrome.
  • Hormone treatment for menopausal symptoms.
  • Having a baby after age 35, or never experiencing a full-term pregnancy.
  • Obesity refers to carrying excess weight.

Complications

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) can lead to several complications, mainly if not diagnosed and treated early. Some of the main complications include:

  • Metastasis
  • Bowel Obstruction
  • Ascites
  • Peritonitis
  • Recurrent Cancer
  • Reduced Fertility
  • Anemia
  • Lymphedema

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Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in India

  • Recent advances in treating epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in India include the development of immunotherapies and monoclonal antibodies, targeted medicines based on novel biomarkers, and surgical breakthroughs aimed at maximising cytoreduction. These initiatives are intended to increase survival rates and personalise patient treatment.

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Prevention Tips

Some epithelial ovarian cancer prevention tips:

  • Long-term usage of hormonal birth control may lower the risk.
  • Prophylactic Surgery: High-risk individuals should consider having their ovaries and fallopian tubes removed.
  • Gynecological checks should be performed regularly to detect problems early on.
  • Healthy Diet: Eat a well-balanced diet high in fruits and vegetables.
  • Maintaining a healthy weight reduces the risk of ovarian cancer.
  • Avoid long-term hormone replacement therapy after menopause.
  • Exercise: Engaging in regular physical activity may reduce risk.
  • Breastfeeding may help reduce the risk of ovarian cancer.
  • Seek medical advice if you experience persistent symptoms such as bloating or abdominal pain.

Treatment options for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Surgery: Surgery for ovarian cancer may involve removing one or both ovaries, the fallopian tubes, or the uterus. For advanced cancer, surgery may be recommended, with chemotherapy administered before or after surgery.


Cost Start From USD 8000 - USD 10000Explore Options

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a pharmacological treatment that uses chemicals to kill rapidly developing cells in the body, including cancer cells.


Cost Start From USD 600 - USD 700Explore Options

Targeted therapy: Targeted medication treatments target specific flaws seen in cancer cells. Targeted pharmacological treatments can potentially kill cancer cells by exploiting their weaknesses.


Cost Start From USD 8000 - USD 12000Explore Options

Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy employs medications to inhibit the effects of the hormone estrogen on ovarian cancer cells. Some ovarian cancer cells need estrogen to develop; therefore, inhibiting estrogen may help control the malignancy.


Cost Start From USD 3500 - USD 5500Explore Options

Immunotherapy: Immunotherapy utilises the immune system to combat cancer. The body's disease-fighting immune system may not attack cancer cells because they create proteins that allow them to hide from immune system cells. Immunotherapy works by interfering with the process.


Cost Start From USD 3000 - USD 5000Explore Options

Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-ray photons to eliminate cancer cells.

The following tests and procedures diagnose ovarian cancer:

Pelvic examination: During a pelvic exam, your doctor inserts gloved fingers into your vagina while pressing one hand on your belly to palpate your pelvic organs. The doctor will also visually inspect your external genitalia, vagina, and cervix.

Imaging testing: Ultrasound or CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis can assist in identifying the size, shape, and structure of your ovaries.

Blood testing: Blood testing may include organ function tests, which can assist in determining your overall health.

Genetic testing: Your doctor may recommend that you get a blood sample tested for gene mutations that raise your risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Rehabilitation for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) aims to improve quality of life while also treating the physical, emotional, and psychological impacts of the disease and its treatments. Key components are:

Physical therapy: It can help you manage fatigue, increase mobility, and restore strength following surgery or chemotherapy.

Psychosocial Support: Psychosocial assistance includes counseling and support groups for anxiety, sadness, and emotional well-being before and after treatment.

Lymphedema Therapy: If necessary, to treat fluid buildup that may develop following surgery or lymph node excision.

Depending on the circumstances, your doctor may prescribe medication to assist you in managing your symptoms and support your treatment plan.

Treatment regimens are adapted to the patient's specific cancer stage and location.

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Hospitals for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in India

Batra Hospital: Top Doctors, and Reviews
Batra Hospital

Delhi, India

  • More than 35 years of trusted healthcare service
  • Multi-specialty tertiary care with over 30 departments
  • Comprehensive preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic care under one roof
  • International patient coordination team for seamless overseas care
Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram: Top Doctors, and Reviews
Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram

Gurgaon, India

  • Marengo Asia Hospitals, Gurugram, is a 250-bed multi-speciality tertiary care hospital, formerly known as W Pratiksha Hospital.
  • A major medical centre for Delhi NCR and North India, it is situated on Golf Course Extension Road, Sector 56, Gurugram.
  • The hospital's NABH and NABL accreditation ensures compliance with international standards for patient care, safety, and quality.
  • Provides extensive medical care in more than 21 specialities, including as women's health, neurology, orthopaedics, cardiology, and cancer.
  • Advanced robotic-assisted spine surgery tools and neuro-monitoring technology are available at the Marengo Asia International Institute of Neuro & Spine (MAIINS), a Centre of Excellence in Neurosciences.
  • Equipped with cutting-edge equipment, such as automated labs, sophisticated imaging, and contemporary operating rooms.
  • Features specialised ICUs, NICUs, and modular OTs built for complex and minimally invasive procedures.
Jaslok Hospital & Research Center: Top Doctors, and Reviews
Jaslok Hospital & Research Center

Mumbai, India

  • Jaslok Hospital & Research Centre, Mumbai, is a 350-bed super-speciality tertiary care hospital, established in 1973 and among India’s most respected private trust hospitals.
  • Located on Peddar Road in South Mumbai, overlooking the Arabian Sea, it serves as a major referral centre for Mumbai, Maharashtra, and patients from across India and abroad.
  • The hospital offers comprehensive care across 50+ specialities and nearly 20 multidisciplinary speciality clinics, addressing complex and advanced medical conditions.
  • Supported by 300+ senior consultants and 200 resident doctors, ensuring high standards of expertise and round-the-clock patient care.
  • Equipped with 75 ICU beds, advanced critical care units, modular operation theatres, and state-of-the-art diagnostic and imaging facilities.
  • Recognised as a leading centre of excellence in Critical Care, Cardiac Sciences, Neurosciences, Oncosciences, Renal Sciences, Gastroenterology, and Assisted Reproduction.
  • A prominent research and academic institution, conducting clinical trials and recognised by the National Board of Examinations (NBE) in 22 specialities.
  • Strong emphasis on quality, patient safety, and evidence-based care, with continuous monitoring of clinical and operational outcomes to meet international healthcare standards.

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Why Choose India for Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Treatment?

Here are some of the reasons for choosing India:

  • Due to advancements in medical facilities, such as minimally invasive surgical techniques.
  • World-class experts include highly experienced doctors and JCI and NABH-accredited healthcare institutions.
  • Compared to other countries, treatment in Indian hospitals is cost-effective.
  • Indian hospitals provide International patient services, including a multilingual support system.
  • Improved treatment methods and biological therapies

Frequently Asked Questions

The survival rate varies according to the stage of diagnosis. Early-stage EOC has a better survival probability; however, advanced-stage illness may have a worse prognosis. Ongoing research and clinical breakthroughs are intended to enhance outcomes.

In India, genetic testing for mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 is essential for guiding treatment decisions and assessing the risk of cancer in relatives, especially for women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer.

Regular follow-up care is critical for monitoring for cancer recurrence, managing treatment side effects, and maintaining overall health. This usually includes regular exams, imaging, and blood testing.

Early signs may be vague and easily missed, but they may include abdominal bloating, pelvic pain or pressure, changes in bowel habits, increased urine urgency, and unexplained weight loss. These symptoms may intensify as the condition progresses.

Yes, immunotherapy is being considered as a treatment for EOC. Checkpoint inhibitors and vaccines increase the immune system's ability to recognise and fight cancer cells. Clinical trials are currently being conducted in India to investigate these approaches.