Brain and Spine Injuries Treatment in Thailand

As there is currently no permanent cure for Brain and Spine Injuries, spinal cord fusion surgery may be helpful in some instances. Treatment plans will depend on the severity of the injury and the underlying cause, with a strong emphasis on rehabilitation and assistive technology to maximise functionality. In Thailand, Brain and Spine Injury treatment primarily focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life through medication, physical therapy, spinal cord fusion surgery in some instances, and managing secondary complications like bladder and bowel issues.

Yes, many Thai hospitals offer the following for brain and spine injuries treatment:

• Advanced diagnostic tools like MRI, CT scan, electromyography, and PET scan for accurate neurofibroma diagnosis.
• Skilled neurologist orthopaedic surgeon for brain and spine injuries.
• Advanced spinal cord fusion procedures.
• Comprehensive post-surgery care and rehabilitation for long-term health benefits.

Always consider the following factors when selecting Thai hospitals:

• Hospitals that are accredited (authorised by JCI and NABH).
• Patient reviews and success rates.
• Hospitals that provide seamless care to patients from abroad.

In general, brain and spine injury treatment has improved in Thailand. Our research demonstrates that multilevel contiguous spinal involvement is more common than noncontagious multilevel spinal involvement and that cervical spine injuries are more common. Incidents of SCIWORA (spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality) were comparable to those reported in the literature. The death rate was relatively low. Eight surgical cases and four instances with conservative treatment showed neurological improvement.

You should look for symptoms such as loss of consciousness, a severe headache, confusion, nausea or vomiting, difficulty walking or talking, weakness or numbness in limbs, unusual drowsiness, changes in vision or hearing, neck or back pain, difficulty controlling bladder or bowel movements, clear fluid leaking from the ears or nose, and any abnormal behaviour or responses following a head injury.

The following are examples of long-term effects:

• Circulatory problems: Changes in circulation can result in unstable blood pressure, abnormal heart rhythms and blood clots that may appear days after injury.
• Breathing problems: About one-third of people with SCI will require temporary or permanent help with breathing and may require a breathing tube; any injury to the spinal cord between the C1-C4 segments can stop breathing because the nerves in this region cause the diaphragm to move and the lungs to expand; pneumonia. The injured person will need careful monitoring for these common issues after an SCI.
• Muscular tone changes and stiffness: Over time, excessive reflexes might result in muscle stiffness and an increase in tone that may call for special care.
• Autonomic dysfunction: Autonomic dysreflexia is a potentially fatal reflex activity that mainly affects those who have had upper back or neck injuries. Flushing or perspiration, a throbbing headache, anxiousness, a sharp rise in blood pressure, changes in eyesight, or goose bumps on the arms and legs are some of the symptoms. To maintain blood flow to the legs and feet, which lowers blood pressure, the person should remain seated if at all feasible.
  
• Pressure ulcers: They are another name for pressure sores. Areas of skin that have degenerated due to constant pressure on the skin and decreased blood flow to the area are known as pressure sores.
• Pain: Neurogenic pain is a severe burning or stinging feeling that some persons with SCI experience. This pain could be ongoing or intermittent. A variety of factors can bring it on, and some people may even experience pain in areas of their bodies where they would not usually feel it. Chronic pain can be treated with medications, electrical stimulation of the brain or spine, and surgery. However, none of these therapies can fully alleviate neurogenic pain in the long run.
• Intestinal and bladder issues: To empty their bladder, people would need to utilize a catheter and learn new techniques to empty their bowels.
• Sexual activity: A person's sexual function and fertility may be impacted by the extent and location of their injury as well as how well they recover from it.
  Depression. Due to changes in lifestyle following the injury, depression can strike many people with SCI.

Follow a thorough rehabilitation plan with your son's medical team, which may include occupational therapy, speech therapy, physical therapy, and cognitive rehabilitation, depending on his individual needs.

• Environment of Support: Maintaining a routine with predictable meals, activities, and sleep times will help your son feel safe.
• Communication: Give visual clues, speak simply and clearly, and be understanding when there are communication difficulties.
• Emotional Support: Encourage candid dialogue, validate his emotions, and provide emotional support.
• For already diagnosed paraplegic patients, one has to prioritise preventing bed sores by changing the parent's position frequently, keeping them clean, helping them with everyday tasks like eating, dressing, and using the restroom, making sure the catheter is correctly cared for if necessary, making the home accessible, promoting wheelchair mobility, and offering emotional support while keeping a close eye on their health and seeking medical help when needed.

The body lying in an awkward, unnatural position is one of the signs and symptoms of spinal injury. Skin that feels chilly and clammy. Reporting a lack of sensation, including pain or strange limb tingling.