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What are Kidney Stones?

Kidney stones are solid lumps or crystals that develop from materials in your kidneys, such as salts, minerals, and acids. They can range in size from tiny to enormous. Nephrolithiasis or renal calculi are other names for kidney stones.

You might not even be aware that you have a kidney stone, depending on its size. Without causing any symptoms, smaller stones may pass through your urinary tract in your urine. Large kidney stones may become trapped in your ureter.

What is the Importance of Timely Treatment?

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), severe pain, and kidney damage can all be avoided with timely kidney stone therapy. Kidney damage or renal failure may result from kidney stones that enlarge, become trapped in the urinary tract, or obstruct urine flow if treatment is not received. In addition to reducing the need for more intrusive procedures like surgery, early intervention helps to relieve symptoms and stop the growth of stones. Early intervention, such as medication, lifestyle modifications, and surgery, can preserve kidney function and improve results.

What are the Common Symptoms of Kidney Stones?

Kidney stone symptoms include:

  • Pain in your lower back, belly or side (flank pain)
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Bloody pee
  • Pain when you pee
  • Inability to pee
  • Feeling the urge to pee a lot
  • Fever or chills
  • Cloudy or foul-smelling pee

Causes, Risk Factors and Complications of Kidney Stones

Causes

  • Kidney stones form when your urine contains more crystal-forming substances such as calcium, oxalate and uric acid than the fluid in your urine can dilute.
  • At the same time, your urine may lack substances that prevent crystals from sticking together, creating an ideal environment for kidney stones to form.

Risk Factors

Types of kidney stones

  • Calcium-oxalate and calcium phosphate stones: When you consume low-calcium or high-oxalate diets and don't drink enough water, calcium-based stones may develop.
  • Uric acid stones: Uric acid stones can develop from eating animal proteins, such as fish, poultry, pig, eggs, and beef.
  • Struvite stones: Struvite stones can be brought on by bacterial infections.
  • Cystine stones: Cystine stones are caused by a genetic disorder known as cystinuria. Two cysteine amino acids are joined to form the compound cysteine.

Complications

Kidney stones may increase your risk of:

  • An obstruction that causes your kidneys to enlarge by backing urine up into them (hydronephrosis).
  • Inflammation of the kidneys (pyelonephritis).
  • One form of kidney failure that may be curable is acute renal injury.
  • Recurrent UTIs (urinary tract infections).
  • CKD, or chronic kidney disease.

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Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Kidney Stones

  • Compared to conventional procedures, recent studies have shown that flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) offers the benefits of less trauma, a faster recovery, and fewer complications in the treatment of kidney stones because of the advancements in endoscopic equipment and minimally invasive technologies.

Kidney Stones Prevention Tips

Your risk of kidney stones may be influenced by what foods and drinks you consume. A few of the guidelines to follow to Reduce the risk of kidney stones:

  • Consuming a lot of water.
  • Restricting the use of animal proteins.
  • Limiting salt and sugar-rich foods.
  • Limiting oxalate-rich foods.
  • Consumption of foods high in calcium.

Treatment options for Kidney Stones

Kidney Stone Removal: Ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy are two methods for removing kidney stones. A small tube is inserted through the urethra and bladder into the ureter or kidney during ureteroscopy, a minimally invasive procedure used to remove or break down kidney stones. Large kidney stones can be surgically removed with a percutaneous nephrolithotomy, which is performed under imaging guidance through a tiny back incision.


Cost Start From USD 2500 - USD 3500Explore Options

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL): Using sound waves to produce powerful vibrations known as shock waves, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) breaks up the stones into little fragments that can be eliminated through urine.


Cost Start From USD 200 - USD 500Explore Options

Your doctor may perform the following diagnostic tests and procedures if they think you have a kidney stone:

  • Blood testing: Your blood may have excessive uric acid or calcium levels, according to blood tests.
  • Urine testing: The 24-hour urine collection test results may indicate that you are excreting either too few chemicals that prevent stones or too many minerals that cause them.
  • X-ray (KUB - Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder): Offers a basic picture of the kidneys and urinary tract stones.
  • Ultrasound: Non-invasive and frequently used to find stones, particularly in pregnant women or young children.
  • CT Scan: Offers the most detailed view and is the gold standard for detecting kidney stones, including size, location, and type.

The goals of kidney stone rehabilitation are to control symptoms, stop recurrence, and enhance general kidney health:

  • Hydration: Consuming a lot of liquids aids in the removal of minor stones and stops the formation of new ones.
  • Dietary modifications: Reducing salt, foods high in oxalate, or animal protein, for example, can help avoid kidney stones by modifying the diet according to the kind of kidney stones.
  • Physical Activity: Regular exercise can help keep the kidneys healthy overall and facilitate the transit of smaller stones.

A healthcare professional may recommend or prescribe medications if your kidney stone is self-resolving and not causing infection to:

  • To aid in the passage of stones, relax your ureter.
  • Control your nausea and vomiting.
  • Manage pain conditions

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Hospitals for Kidney Stones in India

Manipal Hospital, Hebbal: Top Doctors, and Reviews
Manipal Hospital, Hebbal

Bangalore, India

Manipal Hospitals, a group of Manipal Education Medical Group, is India’s leading multi-speciality network, comprising over 650 beds. Dedicated to clinical excellence, patient-centric care and ethical practices, it provides sophisticated diagnostics, surgery and home care services to both domestic and international patients, while also improving access to affordable healthcare for underprivileged communities.

The Madras Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology: Top Doctors, and Reviews
The Madras Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology

Chennai, India

MIOT started its journey with only 70 beds and focusing on Orthopedics and Trauma care. However, we grew into a multi-specialty hospital with time. MIOT is now a 1000-bedded hospital and can offer an extensive range of services across 63 specialties. The state of art laboratory of our hospital is ranked 8th internationally. We have 21 super-specialty operation theaters equipped with cutting-edge technology to help our doctors with complex procedures.

We take great care to make our patient rooms comfortable enough. The patient rooms get plenty of fresh air as well as natural light. The soothing views from the rooms do not let the patients feel cut off from the outside world. We use separate entrances for emergency patients, out-patients, in-patients, and their attendants. We put our patients’ safety first which is why we use a superior air system to ensure a near-zero infection healthy environment.

Apart from that, MIOT’s 24 hours blood bank provides all kinds of blood work related services which include blood collection to component separation. This state-of-art blood bank alone handles more than 30,000 units of blood over the course of a year. Every month around 600 blood transfusions are managed by this blood bank.

MIOT’s SIGNA Pioneer 3T MRI machine is made with noise reduction technology. This silent MRI machine can deliver superior quality neuroimages without wasting any time. The department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences can give tough competition to any international hospital with its advanced technology and accuracy.

The PET CT service at MIOT International is the first of its kind in South India enabling better and more accurate diagnosis than earlier. The superior diagnosis is also possible for the two digital cath labs at MIOT Heart Revive center.

We also have a physiotherapy team where a team of highly efficient physiotherapists deals with the mobility and functional disability issues of our patients. They listen to the patients carefully to identify the root of the pain and use therapeutic exercises to reduce their pain.

The CCU of MIOT is something to be proud of. The specially-trained staff of this unit is dedicated to ensuring top-quality medical support to serious patients. This unit along with the MIOT International Laboratory is the backbone of our facility.

Furthermore, what makes MIOT unique is our Telemedicine service. In the new normal, we are trying everything to reach our patients. Our one of its kind Telemedicine service connects our patients to our 250 full-time doctors over email, phone, chat and video consultations.

Sanar International Hospital: Top Doctors, and Reviews
Sanar International Hospital

Gurugram, India

Sanar International Hospital is a multispeciality hospital based on Golf Course Road in Gurugram, a part of Delhi NCR. It was founded in 2018 and houses one of the most comprehensive and advanced surgical care specialties. This 150-bedded facility is committed to providing the best patient experiences and healthcare services is the core of the hospital’s mission. Staffed by a group of visionary and competent medical professionals who are well-versed in their fields and eminent for their empathy and understanding, Sanar International Hospital provides optimal care to its patients, making it a popular

Specialties in the Hospital such as Heart, Bone, and Joint neurosciences, Cancer, Kidney and Liver Transplant, and other successful procedures along with experienced medical professionals have made a mark for themselves among domestic patients and international patients who come to India to have the finest healthcare services. It follows strict international practices and believes that the centricity of the patient is essential for providing high-quality care through world-class infrastructure and state-of-the-art facilities. The technologies offered by the Hospital include Digital X-rays, MRI, CT, Ultrasound, transfusion medicine, pharmacy, laboratory services, 24 hrs emergency and ambulance services.

It offers more than 20 plus specialties such as General Medicine, Anesthesiology, Cardiac Sciences, Ophthalmology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Orthopedics, General Surgery & Surgical, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hepato Biliary Surgery, Pediatrics, Liver Transplantation, and Critical Care Medicine. The Hospital has a highly skilled medical staff of neuro-anesthetists, neurologists, specialized neurocritical care experts, neurosurgeons neuropsychologists, and neuropsychiatrists. There are specific centers for the treatment of epilepsy, stroke, brain tumors, movement disorders, spinal problems, and headaches.

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Why Choose India for Kidney Stones Treatment?

Here are some of the reasons for choosing India:

  • Due to advancements in medical facilities, such as minimally invasive surgical techniques.
  • World-class experts include highly experienced doctors, JCI, and NABH-accredited healthcare institutions.
  • Compared to other countries, treatment in Indian hospitals is cost-effective.
  • Indian hospitals provide International patient services, including a multilingual support system.
  • Improved treatment methods and biological therapies.

Frequently Asked Questions

Drink lots of water to flush out your kidney stone if your doctor believes it will go away. As directed by your physician, take any prescribed medication as directed, and abide by their dietary and drink instructions.

Sixty per cent of kidney stones larger than 6 mm and ninety per cent of kidney stones smaller than 6 mm pass on their own. You will require a procedure to break up and/or remove a kidney stone if it is large or obstructing your urine flow. Smaller stones that were supposed to pass by themselves can occasionally expand or shift, blocking the flow.

In India, kidney stones are typically successfully treated, particularly with innovative surgical techniques and modern medical technology. Depending on the size and location of the stones, non-invasive procedures such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) have success rates of 85–90%. When carried out by skilled professionals, the success rate for operations such as ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) can reach 90–95%. Overall, the results are favourable, with lifestyle modifications, appropriate therapy, and early detection helping control the condition and avoid recurrence.

You are more likely to get kidney stones again and develop chronic renal disease if you have already had kidney stones.

The size and location of the stone affect how long it takes. While larger stones can take longer or necessitate medical intervention, smaller stones might go away in a few days.

A stone that becomes lodged may cause excruciating pain, infection, or obstruction, necessitating medical assistance to break or remove it.

The length of recovery varies according to the type of surgery. Recovery times can range from a few days for less invasive operations like ureteroscopy to a few weeks for more invasive treatments like percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Following removal or passage, a stone may be sent for analysis to ascertain its composition (such as uric acid or calcium oxalate), which aids in directing preventative measures.