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What is a Glioma?

Gliomas are tumour growths of cells that arise in the spinal cord or brain. Glioma cells are similar to glial cells, which are healthy brain cells. Glial cells support and encompass nerve cells in their function.

A glioma becomes a tumour, which is a collection of cells. The growth of the tumour can compress the brain or spinal cord, causing symptoms. The location of the affected part of the brain or spinal cord determines the symptoms.

There are many kinds of gliomas. Some are not considered to be malignancies and develop slowly, while others are considered to be malignancies. Malignant is another term that means cancerous. Malignant gliomas can invade normal brain tissue and grow very quickly. Some gliomas are more prevalent in adulthood, while others only occur in children.

Types of glioma

The type of glial cells from which gliomas develop determines their classification. The main glioma types are as follows:

Astrocytoma: This originates from astrocytes, which are star-shaped glial cells. They consist of low-grade tumours, which are less malignant, and high-grade tumours, which are more malignant.

Oligodendrogliomas: Oligodendrocytes, the cells that originate oligodendrogliomas, form the myelin sheath that envelops nerve fibres. These tumours tend to develop more slowly.

Ependymomas: The ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord lead to ependymomas. Adults and children can develop them.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most vicious and lethal of brain tumours and is a highly malignant and aggressive type of astrocytoma.

What is the Importance of Timely Treatment?

Glioma should be treated as early as possible to enhance outcomes and quality of life. Early management can achieve minimal symptoms, reduced tumour growth, and potentially enhanced effectiveness of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Delaying treatment may make the disease more challenging to manage by increasing pressure in the brain, exacerbating neurological deficits, and enhancing tumour growth. Early treatment may improve the options for personalised treatment, which may strengthen long-term survival.

What are the Common Symptoms of Glioma?

The location of a glioma determines its symptoms. The glioma's size, type, and growth rate may also affect the symptoms.

  • Headache, especially one that is most painful in the morning.
  • Vomiting and nausea.
  • Confusion or deterioration in brain function, including issues with information comprehension and thought processes.
  • Loss of memory.
  • Alterations in personality.
  • Double vision, blurred vision, or loss of peripheral vision.
  • Speech issues.
  • Seizures

Causes and Risk Factors of Glioma

Causes

Studies have shown that gliomas and other spinal cord and brain cancers result from DNA alterations. DNA is found in our genes, which dictate how cells divide and grow. If the DNA of our genes mutates, cells can grow uncontrollably.

Your parents can pass down genetic mutations. They can also co-occur while you're alive.

Risk Factors

  • Age
  • Family history
  • Radiation exposure
  • Environmental factors
  • Weakened immune system

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Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Glioma in Singapore

In Singapore, glioma treatment has seen significant progress in recent years, particularly in overcoming the blood-brain barrier, adopting precision medicine, and advancing drug delivery techniques. At NTU Singapore, researchers have developed molecular radio afterglow dynamic probes (MRAPs) that only activate in tumour cells when they encounter low-dose X-rays, thereby protecting healthy tissue while enhancing treatment efficacy. On another front, the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology at A*STAR has developed a microfluidic system that replicates the blood-brain barrier, which will aid in creating more effective therapies and accelerating the testing of new chemotherapy drugs.

Treatment options for Glioma

Brain Cancer Treatment: Depending on the type, size, and location of the tumour, glioma is usually treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.


Cost Start From USD 20000 - USD 100000Explore Options

Surgery: The first step in treating gliomas is typically to remove the tumour. If the glioma is eliminated, surgery may be the only necessary treatment.

Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy medications are used to kill tumour cells. Chemotherapy drugs are usually given intravenously or orally. Chemotherapy may sometimes be given directly to the glioma cells.


Cost Start From USD 36600 - USD 0Explore Options

Radiation Therapy: Radiation destroys tumour cells with high-energy beams. The energy source can be protons, X-rays, or something else. After surgery, radiation therapy is often employed to treat gliomas. The radiation kills the leftover glioma cells after surgery. Radiation and chemotherapy are usually combined.

Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy treatments focus on specific substances in cancer cells. Targeted therapy treatments can kill cancer cells by inhibiting these substances.


Cost Start From USD 10000 - USD 50000Explore Options

  • Neurological Exam: A detailed neurological and physical exam to assess for symptoms like weakness, changes in vision, or coordination difficulty.
  • MRI is the most common method of imaging used for glioma detection. It can take detailed brain pictures and determine the size, position, and type of tumours.
  • Computed tomography (CT) scans are occasionally substituted for MRIs but are not as detailed.
  • Biopsy: A tumour tissue biopsy is taken for laboratory analysis to determine the type and grade of the gliomas.
  • PET scans (positron emission tomography) are sometimes combined to assess tumour metabolism and assist with therapy planning.

MediRehab (a chain of rehabilitation centres—part of MediGence) provides comprehensive rehabilitation services to support patients through Teleconsulations and online therapy sessions.

  • Physical Therapy: To enhance mobility, strength, and coordination, particularly if the tumour or surgery has impacted motor function.
  • Occupational Therapy: Assists patients in recovering the skills to do daily tasks and enhance fine movements, including dressing, eating, and writing.
  • Speech Therapy assists in the recovery of speech and swallowing function if the glioma or its treatment has impaired these functions.
  • Cognitive Rehabilitation helps patients cope with memory, attention, and other mental processes affected by the tumour or treatment.
  • Depending on the situation, your healthcare professional may prescribe medicine to help control your symptoms and support the treatment plan.

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Hospitals for Glioma in Singapore

OncoCare Cancer Centre (Singapore): Top Doctors, and Reviews
OncoCare Cancer Centre (Singapore)

Singapore, Singapore

  • Strategically located in Singapore’s leading private hospitals, it is conveniently accessible to both local and overseas patients.
  • Offers complete cancer services including early detection, diagnosis, personalised treatment, and ongoing care.
  • Offers various treatment options, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormone-based therapy, tailored to individual needs.
  • Quick appointment slots and short waiting times help patients get timely care without unnecessary delays.
  • Advanced imaging technology supports accurate diagnosis and monitoring, including CT scans, MRI, and PET/CT scans.
    When needed, genetic screening and cancer risk testing support preventive care and early action
  • Prioritises patient comfort and understanding by offering kind, clear, and tailored medical guidance at every step.
  • The multilingual team communicates in English, Mandarin, Malay, and Bahasa Indonesia, with interpreters available for support as needed.
  • Accepts international health insurance from major global providers and assists with paperwork and direct billing options.
  • Clean, modern clinics equipped for outpatient treatment, including comfortable and quiet chemotherapy areas.
  • Recognised in Singapore for service quality and cancer care, with awards like the Singapore Quality Class with Service.
  • Assists international visitors with support for travel, medical visa letters, nearby accommodations, and local transportation.
  • Trusted by patients from across Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and Australia for expert and reliable care.
  • Committed to using updated clinical methods, with ongoing research and technology adoption to improve treatment outcomes.
Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital: Top Doctors, and Reviews
Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital

Novena, Singapore

Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital located in Novena, Singapore is accredited by JCI. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:

  • Capacity of 333 beds
  • Intensive Care Unit beds
  • Endoscopy beds
  • Day ward with 20 beds
  • 13 Operating Theatres, which includes 1 Neurological operating room, 2 Cardiac operating rooms, 4 Orthopaedic operating rooms, etc.
  • High Dependency Unit (HDU)
  • Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
  • 24/7 Accident & Emergency Department
  • Maternity ward
  • 1 major operating unit with 13 operating rooms inclusive of 1 hybrid theatre
  • In-house Pharmacy
  • Rooms are categorized as Single Signature Rooms, Junior Suite and Regal Suite
  • All patient rooms are equipped with electric safe, LCD, sofa cum bed, wardrobe, radio channels, and much more
Parkway East Hospital: Top Doctors, and Reviews
Parkway East Hospital

Singapore, Singapore

Parkway East Hospital located in Joo Chiat Pl, Singapore is accredited by JCI. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:

  • Total capacity for 143 beds
  • Hospital rooms are available- Single room, 2-bedded room (8), 4-bedded room (2), Deluxe room, and Orchid/Hibiscus Suite
  • All rooms are equipped with all ensuite facilities like Free wifi, mini fridge, sofa couch, telephone, in-room safe, TV, etc.
  • Maternity wards- Accredited as a baby-friendly hospital under the World Health Organisations Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)
  • 1 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with 14 cots
  • Intensive Care Unit
  • 1 Operation Theatre with 5 Operating rooms
  • 1 Nursery with 30 cots
  • 1 Parentcraft room
  • 24-hour walk-in-clinic (for emergency)
  • 24-hour Pharmacy

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Why Choose Singapore for Glioma Treatment?

Singapore is an ideal location to treat gliomas. It provides the latest immunotherapies under initiatives such as the TTCI and advanced surgical techniques such as awake craniotomy for precise tumour removal. Singapore provides glioma patients with effective and personalised treatment because of its highly trained physicians, state-of-the-art facilities, and affordable healthcare.

Frequently Asked Questions

The following are the main differences between high-grade and low-grade gliomas:

  • Low-gradegliomas, typically grade I or II, are less aggressive, grow more slowly, and have a better prognosis.
  • High-grade gliomas, like glioblastoma, are often graded as grade III or IV because they are more malignant and develop rapidly.

Surgery is often recommended in Singapore for treating gliomas, particularly if the tumours are removed safely. However, other therapies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or immunotherapy may also be considered, often in addition to surgery, to achieve the best results, depending on factors such as tumour size, location, and the patient's health. Treatment for each patient is tailored to suit their individual needs.

Gliomas may recur after treatment. Recurrence depends on several factors, such as the location, grade, and type of the glioma. Due to their aggressive nature, glioblastoma and other high-grade gliomas are more likely to recur. Despite successful initial treatment, glioma cells might remain in the brain, which may result in the tumour's recurrence.

The following lifestyle modifications can help in the management of glioma symptoms:

  • Regular, moderate exercise can enhance strength, decrease fatigue, and increase general well-being.
  • A well-balanced diet containing plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can improve overall well-being, enhance energy levels, and boost the immune system.
  • The relaxation skills of meditation, deep breathing, or yoga can be used to minimise stress and anxiety.
  • Resting properly and getting quality sleep assists in managing tiredness and facilitating the body's healing process.
  • Prescribed pain medications and complementary therapies like massage or acupuncture can help control discomfort.
  • Participation in cognitive therapy or support groups can treat cognitive problems and offer emotional support throughout treatment.

To find a certified cancer specialist, search MediGence’s website, which offers a list of top-class and internationally trained oncologists from Singapore's best hospitals. Through MediGence, you can search for specialists' profiles, review their credentials, experience, and ratings, and book online consultations. To get the best care for your condition, the website also assists you in finding the best hospitals and provides personalised assistance for your health requirements.