There are many options when it comes to the treatment of a kidney that fails to maintain normal function in the body. Kidney transplant surgery is one of the most successful ways to restore normal functioning of the affected kidneys as it allows for an access to greater freedom and a better quality of life.

A kidney transplant patient is more likely to enjoy bouts of energy and follow the less strict diet as compared to patients who choose an alternative treatment.

The kidney performs several important functions in the human body. Even slight damage to the kidneys can, therefore, cause a lot of problems. When the kidney is rendered incapable of its main function, that is, removal of waste products from the blood, a condition called uremia develops.

Unfortunately, the symptoms of this condition do not develop unless 90 percent of the kidney is damaged. This is the time when an individual would require a kidney transplantation surgery or dialysis to restore the normal functioning.

There are several other kidney diseases that warrant the need for a kidney transplantation. Some of these conditions include the following:

• Deep-rooted problem in the anatomy of the urinary tract
• Extremely high blood pressure
• Glomerulonephritis
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Diabetes mellitus

Symptoms of Kidney Dysfunction

Some of the common symptoms observed in the case of kidney diseases include the following:

• Shortness of breath and general fatigue
• Retention of fluid causing swelling (edema)
• Foamy and dark orange,  brown, red or tea-colored urine
• Increased frequency of urination
• Back pain
• Restless legs and inability to sleep due to leg cramps
• Metallic taste
• Breathing problems due to urea build up in blood
• Loss of appetite
• Numbness in the toes or fingertips and tingling sensation
• Problem concentrating

The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system, which makes fluid that forms an essential part of the semen. Prostate cancer starts when cells of the prostate glands begin to grow abnormally

Prostate cancer is one of the leading cancers in men above the age of 60. In most of the cases, it is slow growing and may even go undetected and do not cause any problem. However, in some cases, it could be aggressive and cancer cells can spread to other parts of the body (metastatic prostate cancer)

Prostate cancer is a very slow growing disease and starts with tiny alterations in the shape and size of the prostate gland cells. The prostate cancer risk increases with age and it is rarely observed before the age of 40. That is the main reason why many men die of old age, without ever knowing that they had prostate cancer.

Prostate Cancer Causes

There is no direct prostate cancer causes. However, there are some factors that can increase the risk of prostate cancer, including the following:

• Consumption of diet rich in red meat and high fat dairy products
• Less consumption of vegetables and fruits
• Obesity
• Family history of the disease
• Smoking and alcohol consumption
• Sexually transmitted infections

Types of Prostate Cancer

Usually, prostate cancer means the cancer of prostate gland cells called prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Almost all the prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas, but there are some other types of prostate cancer as well, including the following:

• Sarcomas
• Small-cell carcinomas
• Neuroendocrine tumors (other than small cell carcinomas)
• Transitional cell carcinomas

Prostate Cancer Classification

Based on how abnormal the patterns of cancer cells look, prostate cancers are classified as:

• Low-grade PIN: In this, the pattern of prostate cells appears almost normal
• High-grade PIN: In this, the pattern of cells looks a bit abnormal

Signs of Prostate Cancer

There are no warning signs of prostate cancer. The symptoms of metastatic prostate cancer usually appear first in the region that the cancer cells have invaded.

After cancer causes the prostate gland to swell, the following signs of prostate cancer may be experienced: 

• Frequent urination, especially at night
• Difficulty starting or stopping the stream of urine
• Weak urine stream and inability to urinate
• Pain and burning sensation during urination and ejaculation
• Blood in urine or semen

In prostate cancer stages, the following symptoms may also be there:

• Pain in spine, pelvis or ribs
• Leg weakness
• Urinary incontinence
• Fecal incontinence