Transitional Cell Carcinoma Treatment in Turkey
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What is Transitional Cell Carcinoma?
Urothelial carcinoma (transitional carcinoma) begins in the urothelium, the tissue lining some areas of the urinary system. About 90% of bladder cancer cases and 7% of kidney cancer cases, including cancer of the renal pelvis and ureter, are caused by urothelial carcinoma. The symptoms of urothelial carcinoma-induced bladder and kidney cancers are comparable. Their prognoses are similar; these malignancies are easily treated when detected early but frequently return.
How does urothelial carcinoma affect my body?
Urothelial carcinoma affects the bladder and kidneys in various ways. Bladder abnormal urothelial cells can move from the lining to deeper structures, potentially travelling to distant sites such as the liver, lungs, bones, fatty tissues, and lymph nodes. Low-grade bladder cancer is not likely to metastasise, whereas high-grade disease can be lethal and might recur. Urothelial carcinoma in the kidney may progress to develop tumours in the renal pelvis or ureter, which may then extend to other organs. Both diseases, if not treated, may lead to severe implications.
What is the Importance of Timely Treatment?
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), also known as urothelial carcinoma, needs to be treated early to enhance prognoses and prevent the cancer from spreading. If diagnosed early, TCC is often successfully treated with less invasive methods, such as localised or transurethral resection. Postponing therapy may make treatment more difficult and reduce survival by giving the cancer time to move to other parts of the body, such as the liver, lungs, or lymph nodes, or grow deeper into the bladder. Early treatment significantly enhances the outlook for individuals with TCC, controls symptoms, and prevents recurrence.
What are the Common Symptoms of Transitional Cell Carcinoma?
Symptoms of urothelial cancer may not be present at once. Usually, the first noticeable sign is blood in the urine. You should consult a healthcare provider if you notice any symptoms, including blood in the urine.
- Chronic pain in the back.
- Fatigue.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Dysuria is painful urination.
- Tumour or lump near your kidneys.
- Low-grade fever.
Causes and Risk Factors of Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Causes
The exact aetiology of urothelial carcinoma in the kidneys and bladder is not known to medical scientists. They have found, however, a few common risk factors:
- Cigarette smoke: Smoking cigarettes increases the risk of urothelial carcinoma-related urinary system malignancies.
- Exposuretocertainchemicals: Studies show that individuals who work with chemicals used in paint, leather, rubber, dyes, certain fabrics, and hair care products are at increased risk for urinary system malignancies linked to urothelial carcinoma.
Risk Factors
Some risks of transitional cell carcinoma are mentioned below:
- Smoking
- Exposure to chemicals
- Family history
- Genetic factors
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Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Turkey
Turkey's recent advancements in managing transitional cell cancer (TCC) have revolved around new surgical and treatment approaches. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is just one intravesical therapy that reduces recurrence, while transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) remains an essential non-muscle-invasive TCC treatment. Gemcitabine and platinum-based regimens are an in-demand therapy for muscle-invasive or metastatic TCC and are found to increase survival.
Transitional Cell Carcinoma Prevention Tips
Although there is no guaranteed method to prevent Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC), the most important things you can do to lower your risk are to stop smoking, limit your exposure to certain chemicals at work, drink lots of water, and eat a diet high in fruits and vegetables.
Treatment options for Transitional Cell Carcinoma
Surgery is the primary treatment for localised TCC. This includes partial nephrectomy for kidney tumours and transurethral resection for bladder tumours. In certain situations, a radical cystectomy (removal of the bladder) or nephrectomy (removal of the kidney) may be necessary.
Chemotherapy: isfrequently used to eradicate any cancer cells that remain after surgery or for advanced TCC. Chemotherapy is administered intravenously or directly into the bladder for superficial bladder tumours.
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Immunotherapy: Pembrolizumab and other immune checkpoint inhibitors are used more frequently, particularly for advanced or metastatic TCC, since they aid the immune system in recognising and combating cancer cells.
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Radiation therapy is used to decrease tumours before surgery, particularly for bladder TCC, or to treat tumours in locations that are challenging for surgery to reach.
Targeted Therapy: Medications that attack cancer cells specifically based on genetic mutations or tumor-specific proteins are applied in targeted therapy for urothelial carcinoma. The medications can block the signals through which cancer cells grow and disseminate.
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- Urinalysis: A test to determine the colour of your urine and its components, including germs, blood, protein, and sugar.
- Urine cytology: Medical professionals use a microscope to look for abnormal cells in your urine. Cancer cells may leak into your urine if you have cancer in your kidneys, bladder, or ureter.
- An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a sequence of X-rays of the kidneys, ureter, and bladder to screen for malignancy. Medical professionals inject a contrast dye into one of the veins. To check for obstructions, physicians take X-rays as the dye passes through the kidneys, ureter, and bladder.
- Ureteroscopy: To view the ureter and renal pelvis and acquire tissue samples, healthcare professionals use a narrow, tube-like device with a light and viewing lens.
- Computed tomography (CT) scans provide detailed images of your internal organs by connecting a computer to an X-ray machine. Computerised tomography or computerised axial tomography are other names for this process.
- Ultrasound: A process that creates echoes by reflecting high-energy sound waves off of inside organs or tissues. A sonogram is an image of bodily tissues produced by the echoes. Medical professionals may perform an abdominal ultrasound to help in the diagnosis of renal pelvic and ureter cancer.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involves creating finely detailed images of body parts, such as the pelvis, using a magnet, radio waves, and a computer. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI) is another name for this process.
MediRehab (chain of Rehab centres - Part of MediGence) provides comprehensive rehabilitation services rehabilitation services to support patients through Teleconsulations and online therapy sessions.
- Physical therapy enhances strength, endurance, and mobility after chemotherapy or surgery.
- Occupational therapy: Helping the patient return to usual work and activities, especially after invasive treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy.
- Depending on the situation, your healthcare professional may prescribe medicine to help control your symptoms and support the treatment plan.
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Hospitals for Transitional Cell Carcinoma in Turkey
Memorial Atasehir Hospital
Istanbul, Turkey
Memorial Atasehir Hospital located in Istanbul, Turkey is accredited by JCI. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- Covers an area of 22,000 sqm in the Anatolian side of Istanbul
- The Hospital has comfortable patient rooms, designed while considering all the required needs of the patients
- Capacity of 144 beds
- Intensive Care Unit
- Emergency Department
Medicana Konya Hospital
Konya, Turkey
Medicana Konya Hospital located in Konya, Turkey is accredited by JCI. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- Providing services in a closed area of 30.000 m2
- It has a total of 80 physicians (including 32 specialist physicians), 37 academicians, 8 practitioners, 1 psychologist and 2 Dieticians
- General and Neonatal Intensive Care Units
- Total bed capacity for 223 beds with 49 in general intensive care, 7 in cardiovascular surgery intensive care, 9 beds in coronary intensive care unit, 41 in NICU and 117 service beds
- Operating rooms are equipped with the latest medical technologies & state-of-the-art equipment like IT, MRI (1.5 Tesla), Mammography, Ultrasonography, etc.
- Laboratories and Imaging Units
- UHA Unit for International Patients
- Pharmacies on Duty
- Hospital rooms are categorized as Standard rooms and Suite rooms
- Rooms are fully equipped with basic needs of a patient and their relatives, like TV, Mini Fridge, Nurse call system, telephone, central air conditioning ventilation system, etc.
- 24-hour cafeteria
- Parking lot
- Mens & Womens Place of worship
Acibadem Bakirkoy Hospital
Istanbul, Turkey
Acibadem Bakirkoy Hospital located in Istanbul, Turkey is accredited by JCI. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- This hospital has as many as 102 beds with intensive care beds (27), operating theatres (7).
- There is also one heliport in the hospital that is used for the purpose of emergency transfer within the hospital.
- The operating theatres as well as inpatient facilities have been upgraded vis. a vis. technology and infrastructure in the year 2008 and 2009 and both outpatient as well as inpatient were upgraded as recently as in the year 2017.
- A very well developed Neonatal Intensive care unit.
- Some popular specialties and departments of Acibadem Bakirkoy Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey are Cardiology, Dermatology, Endocrinology, Family medicine, Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Neurology and Oncology.
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Why Choose Turkey for Transitional Cell Carcinoma Treatment?
Turkey is an excellent place for transitional cell carcinoma treatment because of its top-notch medical facilities, qualified oncologists, and best-in-class treatment facilities at reasonable prices. The nation has the latest technology-equipped state-of-the-art hospitals to facilitate effective diagnosis and treatment. Turkey’s hospitals are also internationally accredited, offering high-quality care.
Frequently Asked Questions
Early-stage TCC kidney carcinoma may have over 90% survival, as the National Carcinoma Institute (NCI) reported. The survival rate may be 15% or below if the TCC has progressed past the bladder's inner lining or to other body parts.
The diagnosis of Transitional Cell Carcinoma, or TCC, is more prevalent among older individuals, particularly in Turkey, who are over the age of 55. It is more prevalent among men compared to women. With age, the risk increases due to factors such as prolonged exposure to carcinogens (such as nicotine and industrial chemicals) and the additive effects of long-standing renal or bladder diseases.
Since smoking is one of the substantial risk factors for bladder, kidney, and ureter cancers, it plays a significant role in developing Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) in Turkey. Aromatic amines and various carcinogens present in tobacco smoke are absorbed into the bloodstream, filtered through the kidneys, and finally excreted in urine. These compounds can damage healthy urinary tract cells, causing mutations and the development of TCC. In Turkey, smoking is believed to increase an individual's risk of developing TCC by as much as three times for both genders. It is one of the country's leading preventable causes of TCC.
In Turkey, transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), especially of the bladder and ureters, can recur after treatment. TCC is a high-recurrence tumour, especially in superficial or early-stage cases, even after successful initial treatment, e.g., surgery or chemotherapy.
Regular follow-up with imaging, urine examination, and cystoscopy is mandatory to detect any recurrence at an early stage. Recurrence may be more aggressive and more challenging to manage in advanced cases. To manage the risk of recurrence, Turkish patients are advised to undergo therapy and monitoring on a routine basis.
In Turkey, radiation therapy is used to cure Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) in cases where the tumour is incurable or advanced. It is also commonly used to cure bladder cancer, either alone or as a means to destroy cancer cells that remain even after surgery.
Radiation therapy can be combined with chemotherapy for better results. However, due to anatomical challenges, its use is limited to TCC, which aims to decrease symptoms, reduce tumours, and improve the overall quality of life.
Lifestyle and dietary changes can improve overall health and treatment outcomes for TCC patients in Turkey. Some recommendations include
- Drinking plenty of water to help remove toxins and reduce the risk of recurrence.
- Consuming a diet rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables to enhance overall health and immunity.
- Reducing the risk of cancer by eating less processed food and red meat.
- Decreasing alcohol intake and smoking can enhance the recovery process and reduce the risk of cancer development.
- Maintaining an active lifestyle to cope with stress, build strength, and reduce fatigue.
- Enhancing mental well-being during treatment through taking part in stress-relieving activities such as yoga or meditation.
Yes, you can get a second opinion on Transitional Cell Carcinoma treatment in Turkey through MediGence. With MediGence, you can connect with highly experienced professionals from top Turkish hospitals who can provide additional information regarding your diagnosis and treatment options. The platform facilitates easy access to professional help so you can make informed healthcare choices and receive the best care possible.
To find a certified cancer specialist, search MediGence’s website, which offers a list of top-class and internationally trained oncologists from Turkey's best hospitals. Through MediGence, you can search the profiles of specialists, check their credentials, reviews, and experience, and book online consultations. To get the best care for your condition, the website also assists you in finding the best hospitals and provides personalised assistance for your health requirements.