Neuroendocrine Tumors Treatment in India
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What are Neuroendocrine Tumors?
Cancers known as neuroendocrine tumours start in specialised cells known as neuroendocrine cells. Neuroendocrine cells have characteristics of hormone-producing and nerve cells.
Although they are uncommon, neuroendocrine tumours can develop anywhere in the body. Most neuroendocrine tumours develop in the pancreas, rectum, small intestine, appendix, and lungs.
Neuroendocrine tumours come in a variety of forms. Some grow very swiftly, while others grow slowly. Excess hormones are produced by certain neuroendocrine tumours (functional neuroendocrine tumours). Nonfunctional neuroendocrine tumours either don't release hormones at all or don't release enough to produce symptoms.
Types of Neuroendocrine Tumors
NETs are characterised according to their origin and whether they are operational (producing hormones) or non-functioning. They can arise in different organs. The following are a few typical NET types:
The term "gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumours" (GI NETs) refers to tumours that develop in the stomach, small intestine, colon, and rectum.
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) can be either non-functional or functioning, producing hormones such as glucagon or insulin.
Thyroid neuroendocrine tumours are rare growths in the thyroid gland, including medullary thyroid cancer, which begins in the thyroid's calcitonin-producing C-cells.
Adrenal neuroendocrine tumours occur in the adrenal glands, which sit above the kidneys and generate the chemicals cortisol and adrenaline.
CarcinoidTumour: One of the subtypes of neuroendocrine tumours, carcinoid tumours are most commonly found in the gastrointestinal system, particularly in the small intestine, appendix, and rectum. Some cancers produce or do not produce hormones.
What is the Importance of Timely Treatment?
Early treatment of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) is essential for enhancing patient outcomes. Early intervention and detection can prevent the tumour from spreading or becoming more malignant. NETs may develop slowly, and symptoms do not usually appear until the tumour has progressed, so early diagnosis is vital. Early treatment of NETs gives the best hope of successful surgery, possibly removing the tumour before it metastasises.
Moreover, early intervention can control hormone-related symptoms and avoid complications such as hormone overproduction, enhancing the patient's quality of life. Because NETs exhibit a wide range of behaviours, early treatment also ensures a more specific treatment modality, enhancing overall prognosis.
What are the Common Symptoms of Neuroendocrine Tumors?
Initial signs and symptoms are not usually present in neuroendocrine tumours. Your tumour's location and whether it produces too many hormones will determine the symptoms you might experience.
Signs and symptoms of neuroendocrine tumours generally may include:
- The discomfort caused by an expanding tumour
- A growing bulge beneath the skin that you may feel
- I'm feeling quite exhausted.
- Losing weight without making an effort
Excessive hormone production by neuroendocrine tumours (functional tumours) may result in:
- Flushing of the skin
- Vomiting
- Regular urination
- Dizziness and increased thirst
- shakiness
- A rash on the skin
Causes and Risk Factors of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Causes
Although the exact causes of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) remain unknown, genetic abnormalities, such as those found in von Hippel-Lindau disease and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN), can raise the risk. Environmental variables and chronic illnesses, including gastritis, hormone imbalances, and family history, may all play a role. Random genetic alterations in neuroendocrine cells are frequently the cause of NET development.
Risk Factors
- Genetic Conditions
- Family History
- Age
- Gender
- Chronic Conditions
- Hormonal Imbalances
- Environmental and Lifestyle Factors
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Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors in India
Neuroendocrine tumour (NET) therapy has advanced in India by applying the latest research and technologies. Advanced treatments such as immunotherapy, targeted drugs, and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) are increasingly used to treat NETs. Genetic analysis, molecular characterisation, and PET scanning are advanced diagnostic techniques that facilitate personalised treatment plans. Indian hospitals are conducting clinical studies to explore new combinations of medications and treatments.
Neuroendocrine Tumor Prevention Tips
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Treatment options for Neuroendocrine Tumors
Surgery: The tumour is surgically removed. Surgeons attempt to take out as much of the surrounding healthy tissue as possible, along with the entire tumour. Remove as much of the tumour as possible if complete removal is impossible.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to destroy tumour cells. It may be taken orally or injected into an arm vein. If your neuroendocrine tumour recurs after surgery, chemotherapy is recommended. It can also help cancers that are too advanced to remove with surgery.
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Targeted Therapy: Targeted medication therapies concentrate on particular abnormalities in tumour cells. Targeted pharmacological treatments can potentially kill tumour cells by preventing these aberrations. Chemotherapy and targeted medication therapy are typically used in conjunction with advanced neuroendocrine tumours.
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Radiation Therapy: This treatment employs intense energy beams, such as protons and X-rays, to destroy tumour cells. It may be effective for certain neuroendocrine tumour types. It could be suggested in cases where surgery is not a possibility.
Biochemical tests quantify the quantity or activity of a specific protein or enzyme in your blood or urine. They may indicate that the NET is functioning (secreting hormones).
Imaging tests: Your doctor may order imaging tests, such as an MRI, CT scan, or X-ray, which can reveal internal malignancies. PET scans can detect cancer spread.
Endoscopy involves removing tissue and examining tumours inside your body using a scope. A particular kind of endoscopy, such as a colonoscopy or an esophagogastroduodenoscopy, may be required, depending on the tumour's location.
Endoscopic ultrasound: Your physician can perform an endoscopy and an imaging study to find a NET. For example, endoscopic ultrasonography can detect a neuroendocrine tumour in your pancreas.
Biopsy: Providers perform biopsies to collect tissue or fluid samples. The sample is then scanned using a microscope to identify cancerous cells. This examination also reveals essential information about the type of NET and its degree of aggression.
MediRehab (chain of Rehab centres - Part of MediGence) provides comprehensive rehabilitation services designed to support Neuroendocrine tumour patients in India. These services include:
Physical therapy: To help improve energy, strength, and mobility, especially after surgery or extensive treatment.
Occupational therapy can help patients regain independence if pain or fatigue affects their daily routine.
- Depending on the situation, your healthcare professional may prescribe medicine to help control your symptoms and support the treatment plan.
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Hospitals for Neuroendocrine Tumors in India
Apollo Hospitals Bannerghatta
Bangalore, India
Apollo Hospitals Bannerghatta located in Bengaluru, India is accredited by JCI, NABH. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- Bed Capacity is 250
- Largest and most sophisticated sleep laboratory in the world
- Technological powerhouse with latest equipments
- 120 slice CT angiogram
- 3 Tesla MRI
- Low energy & High energy Linear Accelerators
- Navigation System in surgical procedures
- 4-D Ultrasound for 4 dimensional sonography
- Digital Fluoroscopy
- Gamma Camera
- Stereotactic Robotic Radio- surgery
- Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Robotic assisted surgeries
- Thallium Laser-First in India
- Holmium Laser-First in South India
- Digital X-Ray-First in Karnataka
- 100 plus consultants
- Uses Y shaped stent for tracheoesophageal fistula
- Four autologous chondrocyte implantations procedure is performed and several more like Spinal angiolipoma excision, Tibial tuberosity shift with MPSL reconstruction
- Biggest series of airway stents in India
- The Minimal Access Surgery Centre (MASC) centre of excellence
HCG Kalinga Rao Road
Bangalore, India
HCG Kalinga Rao Road located in Bengaluru, India is accredited by NABH, NABL. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- Diagnostic facility equipped with state-of-the-art imaging technologies, such as 3T MRI, SPECT, PET-CT
- Specialty laboratories provide state-of-the-art diagnostic facilities with expertise in oncology testing
- The services provided under medical oncology include Haemato oncology, Pediatric oncology, Breast health, Preventive oncology, Daycare chemotherapy
- Radiation oncology department adopts advanced technologies like CyberKnife Robotic Radiosurgery, TomoTherapy-H, Da Vinci, which allows cancer to be targeted with high accuracy
- First Cancer Centre in India to introduce PET-CT technologies and Cyclotron
- Consists of several beds and OTs with the latest equipment that meet high standards of sterility, and also comply with all international standards on operation theatre designs
- Access to the latest technology like Linear Accelerator which allows the tumor to be treated with pinpoint accuracy
- Equipped with Agility-Synergy linear accelerator, which allows accurate, image-guided radiotherapy to be provided safely and in a short time.
- Have a unique facility that has BMT suites and a unique hemato-pathology lab. Conditions like Multiple Myeloma, Immune Deficiency Disorders, Leukaemia, Lymphomas, Aplastic Anaemia, Childhood Leukaemia, and certain Pediatric Cancers can be treated with Bone Marrow Transplants at the unit.
- Ortho-Oncology clinic to be the first-of-its-kind in Bangalore, offering dedicated care for Musculoskeletal tumors
- Round-the-clock extensive patient service helping diagnose cancer
- Automated Breast Volume Scanner is the latest technology used for breast cancer detection
- RTISTE linear accelerator used for various treatment approaches, including 3D conformal radiation therapy, Stereotactic
- Radiosurgery (SRS), Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Sarvodaya Hospital and Research Centre
Faridabad, India
Sarvodaya Hospital and Research Centre located in Faridabad, India is accredited by NABH, NABL. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- Sarvodaya Hospital has a 500 bed capacity which is inclusive of 65 ICU beds.
- A dedicated dialysis unit for people with kidney conditions.
- The hospital has a cancer center which makes cancer treatment a seamless process.
- There is an upcoming oncology center in Sarvodaya Hospital Faridabad.
- Technologies such as 128 Slice CT scan, 500 MA X-Ray, 1.5 Tesla MRI and Mammography facility.
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Why Choose India for Neuroendocrine Tumor Treatment?
India is suitable for treating neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) due to its skilled oncologists, advanced medical technology, and affordable healthcare. The country offers various therapeutic options, including peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), targeted drugs, chemotherapy, and surgery. Many hospitals are equipped with multidisciplinary treatment and international accreditation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) can be benign or malignant, depending on their rate of growth and metastasis. Because benign NETs grow very slowly, they are noncancerous and never metastasise to other body regions. They often only require surgical removal. However, malignant NETs grow more aggressively, are carcinogenic, and potentially metastasise to other organs, requiring more aggressive treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, or other therapies.
Yes, neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), particularly malignant ones, can migrate to other areas of the body. This process is called metastasis. The liver, lungs, bones, and lymph nodes are familiar places for spreading NETs. The tumour's size, grade, and whether it is malignant or benign all affect its tendency to spread.
Somatostatin therapy uses synthetic forms of somatostatin, a hormone that usually regulates the secretion of several other hormones, to treat neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Somatostatin analogues suppress the tumours' secretion of excessive hormones, reducing symptoms like flushing, diarrhoea, and other side effects. By binding to specific receptors on NET cells, these treatments also reduce tumour activity and, in some cases, reduce the size of the tumours, slowing their development.
Surgery can often excise neuroendocrine tumours (NETs), mainly when they are localised and have not spread to other areas. Benign and malignant NETs are usually treated with surgery in their early forms. Surgery may sometimes be needed to excise metastases or alleviate symptoms caused by tumour growth. However, several factors, such as the size, location, and whether the tumour has metastasised to other parts of the body, influence whether or not surgery is possible.
The prognosis of a neuroendocrine tumour (NET) depends on tumour grade (its rate of growth), stage (whether it has spread), site, and hormone production. The prognosis is typically worse for high-grade tumours and those that have spread. Factors related to the patient, including overall health, age, and response to treatment, also impact the prognosis.
Surgical removal of tumours, if possible, chemotherapy or targeted therapy for more severe cases, and medications such as somatostatin analogues to treat hormone-related symptoms are all involved with treating the symptoms of a neuroendocrine tumour (NET). To improve overall comfort, treatment of symptoms might also include the administration of painkillers, antidiarrheals, and changes in diet. Symptom treatment and quality of life can be improved with an individualised treatment plan developed with input from a medical team.