Merkel Cell Carcinoma Treatment in Singapore
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What is Merkel Cell Carcinoma?
The Merkel cells, which are located at the base of the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin), are the source of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an uncommon and aggressive form of skin cancer. These cells contribute to touch perception and are linked to nerve endings. When MCC develops on sun-exposed skin, it usually appears as a rapidly growing, painless nodule on the face, head, or neck.
What is the Importance of Timely Treatment?
Due to its high level of aggression and ability to spread quickly to other regions of the body (metastasise), Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) must be treated promptly. Treatment effectiveness and better results are more likely to occur when the earlier MCC is identified and treated. Postponing treatment might cause the cancer to spread, making it harder to manage and decreasing the chances of survival.
The patient's quality of life can be significantly enhanced, metastases can be avoided, and the possibility of recurrence can be reduced with early intervention, usually through surgery, radiation, or immunotherapy.
Early identification and treatment are crucial for MCC patients to have the best chance of recovery.
What are the Common Symptoms of Merkel Cell Carcinoma?
- A fast-growing, painless bump on the skin.
- The nodule may vary in appearance and colour, mainly red, blue or purple.
- A bump tends to grow rapidly for weeks to months.
- It is mainly found on sun-exposed areas such as the face, head, neck, and arms but can appear anywhere on the body.
- The bump may have asymmetrical borders and an uneven shape.
Causes and Risk Factors of Merkel Cell Carcinoma
The exact cause of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) isn't completely understood, but several factors are involved in its development:
Causes
- Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV) is found in the cancer cells of 80% of people suffering from MCC.
- UV Radiations
- Genetic Mutations
Risk Factors
- Older Age
- Fair Skin
- Excessive Sun exposure
- Weekend immune system due to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, HIV and AIDS, or other conditions.
- History of other skin cancer
- Undergoing phototherapy, or light therapy, to treat skin conditions including psoriasis.
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Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Singapore
Singapore has made notable progress in the diagnosis and management of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) through clinical research, immunotherapy, and multicenter investigations. Research has investigated the role of specific viruses and UV exposure in the development of MCC, providing valuable insights into the disease's progression. Immunotherapy has become a viable treatment option for advanced-stage patients, particularly when it involves immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Merkel Cell Carcinoma Prevention Tips
Taking proactive steps to shield your skin from damaging UV rays and preserving the general health of your skin is key to preventing MCC. Here are some tips:
Sun Protection
- Use sunscreen of a broad-spectrum with an SPF of not less than 30, even on cloudy days or while working indoors in front of laptops or computers.
- Wear protective clothing
- Stay in the shade when the UV radiation peaks from 10 am to 4 pm.
- Avoid tanning beds. Instead, use a cosmetic spray tan.
Regular Skin Checks
- Check for new moles or changes to existing ones on your skin regularly. Use the ABCDE rule to find suspect areas: Color change, asymmetry, uneven borders, diameter greater than 6 mm, and evolution.
- Schedule a Skin examination with a dermatologist, especially if you have a family history of MCC.
Healthy Lifestyle
- Maintain a balanced diet rich in fibres that include fruits, vegetables and antioxidants for overall skin health. Drink plenty of water or water containing fruits for skin hydration.
Treatment options for Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Generally, Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) treatment depends upon your overall health and the stage.
Mohn Surgery: It's a precise procedure that preserves as much healthy tissue as possible while removing the tumour and skin layers.
Wide Local Excision: This procedure removes the tumour and some surrounding healthy tissue.
Lymphadenectomy (Lymph Node Dissection): Lymph nodes are removed if the cancer has spread to them.
Immunotherapy : Immunotherapy restores your immune system to help fight the cancer.
Cost Start From USD 9000 - USD 234000Explore Options
Radiation Therapy- Treatments using high-energy rays to target cancer cells and reduce tumour size are known as radiation therapy.
Chemotherapy : Advanced or metastatic MCC may be treated with conventional chemotherapy medications, although these are less frequently utilised than immunotherapy or targeted therapy. Chemotherapy kills cancer cells that divide quickly and can be given orally or intravenously.
Cost Start From USD 36600 - USD 0Explore Options
Clinical Evaluation
- Medical History: Assemble information about symptoms, medical history and risk factors involved.
- Physical Examination: Check for the signs of unusual moles or skin colour changes.
Imaging Studies
- Dermoscopy
- CT Scan
- PET Scan
- X-ray
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Biopsy
- Excisional Biopsy
- Punch Biopsy
- Shave Biopsy
MediRehab (a chain of Rehab centres, part of MediGence) provides comprehensive rehabilitation services to support patients through Teleconsulations and online therapy sessions.
- Lifestyle changes and modification: While lifestyle modifications like abstaining from alcohol and controlling stress improve well-being, dietary improvements that include high-fiber foods and supplements boost nutrition. Stress can be decreased and mental health can be enhanced with yoga and meditation.
- Physical Rehabilitation: Post Mohn surgery, especially if a large area of skin is removed or lymph nodes are involved, physical rehabs like PT increases strength, flexibility and movement of the affected region. Scar management helps in managing scars and contractures.
- Lymphedema Management: Lymphedema, or swelling brought on by fluid accumulation, can happen if lymph nodes are removed during MCC treatment, particularly in the arms or legs. Manual lymph exercises are performed to promote fluid movement.
Depending on the circumstances, your doctor might recommend medication to help manage your symptoms and complement the course of treatment.
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Hospitals for Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Singapore
Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital
Novena, Singapore
Mount Elizabeth Novena Hospital located in Novena, Singapore is accredited by JCI. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- Capacity of 333 beds
- Intensive Care Unit beds
- Endoscopy beds
- Day ward with 20 beds
- 13 Operating Theatres, which includes 1 Neurological operating room, 2 Cardiac operating rooms, 4 Orthopaedic operating rooms, etc.
- High Dependency Unit (HDU)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
- 24/7 Accident & Emergency Department
- Maternity ward
- 1 major operating unit with 13 operating rooms inclusive of 1 hybrid theatre
- In-house Pharmacy
- Rooms are categorized as Single Signature Rooms, Junior Suite and Regal Suite
- All patient rooms are equipped with electric safe, LCD, sofa cum bed, wardrobe, radio channels, and much more
Parkway East Hospital
Singapore, Singapore
Parkway East Hospital located in Joo Chiat Pl, Singapore is accredited by JCI. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- Total capacity for 143 beds
- Hospital rooms are available- Single room, 2-bedded room (8), 4-bedded room (2), Deluxe room, and Orchid/Hibiscus Suite
- All rooms are equipped with all ensuite facilities like Free wifi, mini fridge, sofa couch, telephone, in-room safe, TV, etc.
- Maternity wards- Accredited as a baby-friendly hospital under the World Health Organisations Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)
- 1 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) with 14 cots
- Intensive Care Unit
- 1 Operation Theatre with 5 Operating rooms
- 1 Nursery with 30 cots
- 1 Parentcraft room
- 24-hour walk-in-clinic (for emergency)
- 24-hour Pharmacy
Mount Elizabeth Hospital
Singapore, Singapore
Mount Elizabeth Hospital located in Singapore, Singapore is accredited by JCI. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- 345 bedded Hospital
- Maternity wards
- The Mount Elizabeth Patient Assistance Centre (MPAC)
- 1 major operating unit with 12 operating rooms and 1 operating theatre dedicated to in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
- Intensive Care Unit
- High Dependency Unit (HDU)
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)
- Accident & Emergency Department
- Rooms are categorized as Single rooms, 2-bedded rooms, 4-bedded rooms, Executive deluxe suite, Daffodil/Magnolia suite, VIP Room, and Royal Suite
- All patient rooms are equipped with electric safe, LCD, sofa cum bed, wardrobe, radio channels, and much more
- Parking lot
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Why Choose Singapore for Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma?
- World-Class Healthcare Facilities: Singapore's modern hospitals and medical facilities utilise the latest technologies to diagnose and treat rare cancers, such as MCC. Many hospitals have dedicated Dermatology departments for skin care and surgery for MCC with experienced and skilled oncologist surgeons.
- Affordable Treatment: Singapore offers MCC treatment at a substantially lesser cost than many Western nations without sacrificing care quality. Patients who receive top-notch care can expect significant cost reductions on a range of treatments, from Mohs surgery to cutting-edge therapies such as radiation and immunotherapy. Singapore is a well-liked medical tourism destination because of its cost advantage.
- Comprehensive Treatment Options: Singapore provides a holistic approach to treating MCC, including immunotherapy, targeted treatments, radiation therapy, and surgical resection. New developments like gene treatments and tailored therapy are becoming more widely available to treat MCC better.
- Advanced Diagnostic tools: Advanced diagnostic treatments, such as lymphadenectomy and Mohs Surgery, are available in Singapore hospitals to ensure precise diagnosis and treatment planning.
- Post-Treatment and Rehabilitation Care: Patients with MCC can receive complete rehabilitation programs in Singapore that include mental support, dietary counselling, and physical therapy. Patients who receive ongoing care and follow-up services are guaranteed access to the emotional support and monitoring they require while recovering.
Frequently Asked Questions
Depending on the size of the tumour, the stage at diagnosis, and the extent of the cancer's spread, a person with Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) may have a shorter life expectancy.
After radiation therapy and surgery, the prognosis for early-stage MCC is generally good, with a high survival rate. Despite recent dramatic improvements in survival rates due to immunotherapy and targeted treatments, the outlook for advanced or metastatic MCC can be more cautious.
Localised MCC has a 5-year survival rate of 60–80% overall, whereas advanced stages have a lower survival rate.
The neuroendocrine skin cancer known as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is uncommon and highly aggressive. Its incidence is modest in Singapore. However, it has been rising recently.
MCC, or Merkel cell carcinoma, is characterised by its aggressiveness and quick proliferation. In addition to distant organs like the brain, liver, lungs, and bones, it can swiftly spread to neighbouring lymph nodes. Controlling the spread and enhancing results depend heavily on early detection and timely treatment.
Curing Merkel cell cancer (MCC) is possible, mainly if diagnosed early and treated. With a greater chance of successful treatment, the prognosis for localised MCC is better. However, when the cancer advances to more advanced stages, the likelihood of a cure declines.
There is little information on the prognosis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an uncommon but severe skin cancer, in Singapore. The importance of early detection and treatment is underscored by the fact that 5-year survival rates vary significantly between countries, depending on the stage of diagnosis.
The size, location, and presence or absence of lymph nodes of the tumour all affect recovery time following surgery for Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) in Singapore.
Yes, Singapore has sophisticated diagnostic methods for Merkel cell cancer (MCC), including sentinel lymph node biopsies, skin biopsies, and imaging tests such as CT and PET scans.
Singapore is a cost-effective choice for those seeking treatment, as it offers top-notch medical care at affordable costs compared to several Western nations.
Yes, Singapore's healthcare system welcomes patients from abroad and offers excellent MCC treatments at various clinics and hospitals.
Yes, many Singapore hospitals offer both in-person and online consultations to foreign patients seeking a second opinion.