Merkel Cell Carcinoma Treatment in Malaysia

What is Merkel Cell Carcinoma?

The Merkel cells, which are located at the base of the epidermis (the outermost layer of the skin), are the source of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an uncommon and aggressive form of skin cancer. These cells contribute to touch perception and are linked to nerve endings. When MCC develops on sun-exposed skin, it usually appears as a rapidly growing, painless nodule on the face, head, or neck.

What is the Importance of Timely Treatment?

Due to its high level of aggression and ability to spread quickly to other regions of the body (metastasise), Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) must be treated promptly. Treatment effectiveness and better results are more likely to occur when the earlier MCC is identified and treated. Postponing treatment might cause the cancer to spread, making it harder to manage and decreasing the chances of survival.

The patient's quality of life can be significantly enhanced, metastases can be avoided, and the possibility of recurrence can be reduced with early intervention, usually through surgery, radiation, or immunotherapy.

Early identification and treatment are crucial for MCC patients to have the best chance of recovery.

What are the Common Symptoms of Merkel Cell Carcinoma?

• A fast-growing, painless bump on the skin.
• The nodule may vary in appearance and colour, mainly red, blue or purple.
• A bump tends to grow rapidly for weeks to months.
• It is mainly found on sun-exposed areas such as the face, head, neck, and arms but can appear anywhere on the body.
• The bump may have asymmetrical borders and an uneven shape.

Causes and Risk Factors of Merkel Cell Carcinoma

The exact cause of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) isn't completely understood, but several factors are involved in its development:

Causes

• Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV) is found in the cancer cells of 80% of people suffering from MCC.
• UV Radiations
• Genetic Mutations

Risk Factors

• Older Age
• Fair Skin
• Excessive Sun exposure
• Weekend immune system due to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, HIV and AIDS, or other conditions.
• History of other skin cancer
• Undergoing phototherapy, or light therapy, to treat skin conditions including psoriasis.

Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Malaysia

In Malaysia, immunotherapies, in addition to radiation therapy and surgical excision, are helping to advance the treatment of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC). Malaysian healthcare is implementing biomarker-driven ways to tailor care, closely aligning with international norms to improve outcomes, even while novel approaches like oncolytic virus and NK cell-based treatments are still emerging.

Merkel Cell Carcinoma Prevention Tips

Taking proactive steps to shield your skin from damaging UV rays and preserving the general health of your skin is key to preventing MCC. Here are some tips:

Sun Protection

• Use a broad-spectrum SPF of not less than 30, even on cloudy days or while working indoors in front of laptops or computers.
• Wear protective clothing
• Stay in the shade when the UV radiation peaks from 10 am to 4 pm.
• Avoid tanning beds. Instead, use a cosmetic spray tan.

Regular Skin Checks

• Check for new moles or changes to existing ones on your skin regularly. Use the ABCDE rule to find suspect areas: Color change, asymmetry, uneven borders, diameter greater than 6 mm, and evolution.
• Schedule a Skin examination with a dermatologist, especially if you have a family history of MCC.

Healthy Lifestyle

• Maintain a balanced diet rich in fibres that include fruits, vegetables and antioxidants for overall skin health. Drink plenty of water or water containing fruits for skin hydration.