Hydrocephalus Treatment in India
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What is Hydrocephalus?
Excessive buildup of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles is known as hydrocephalus. Ventricles enlarge as a result of this extra fluid, which puts dangerous pressure on your brain's tissues. Although hydrocephalus cannot be cured at this time, it can be managed.
What can I expect if my child has Hydrocephalus?
You should be on look out for the following symptoms
- A full or bulging soft spot on top of your baby's head (fontanel)
- Bulging eyes and inability to look up when facing forward
- Visible scalp veins
- Irritability
- A baby with hydrocephalus has extra cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) around the brain; the baby's head may appear larger than normal
- A healthcare professional may diagnose this condition during a pregnancy ultrasound.
What are the Common Symptoms of Hydrocephalus?
- Nausea and vomiting
- Lethargy, which is a state of sluggishness or sleepiness
- Anger
- Unhealthy eating
- Fits
- Sunsetting of the eyes, which is the term for eyes that are fixed downward
- Issues with strength and muscular tone
Symptoms in toddlers and older kids could include:
- Headache
- Double or blurred vision
- The eyes move in unusual ways
- A toddler's head enlargement
- Sluggishness or sleepiness
- Feeling sick or throwing up
- A problem with equilibrium
- A lack of coordination
- A weak appetite
- Frequent urination or loss of bladder control.
Adults in their youth and middle years
In this age bracket, common symptoms include:
- A headache
- Slowness
- Loss of balance or coordination
- Frequent urination or loss of bladder control
- Issues with vision
- Reduction in memory, focus, and other cognitive abilities that could impact work output.
The following are the more typical signs of hydrocephalus in individuals 60 and older:
- Frequent urination or loss of bladder control
- Loss of memory
- Progressive loss of more reasoning or thinking abilities
- Walking difficulties are frequently characterized by shuffling or a stuck feeling in the feet
- Inadequate balance or coordination.
Causes, Risk Factors and Complications of Hydrocephalus.
CausesAn imbalance between the amount of cerebrospinal fluid produced and the amount absorbed into the bloodstream results in hydrocephalus. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by the tissues that line the brain's ventricles. It travels through channels in the ventricles. Eventually, the fluid enters the areas around the brain and spinal cord. Blood arteries in brain surface tissues are the main source of its absorption.
One of the following causes may result in an excess of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles:
- A barrier. The most frequent cause of excessive cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles is partial obstruction of the fluid's flow
- Blockages can occur between ventricles or between the ventricles and other areas of the brain
- Inadequate absorption. Cerebrospinal fluid absorption issues are less frequent. This frequently has to do with inflammation of brain tissues brought on by illness or trauma
- An excess of production. In rare cases, the production of cerebrospinal fluid exceeds the rate of absorption.
Risk FactorsCongenital hydrocephalus is the term for hydrocephalus that develops at or before birth. Or it might happen soon after birth. Newborns may develop hydrocephalus as a result of any of the following events:
- Cerebrospinal fluid flow is blocked by the way the central nervous system developed
- There was bleeding inside the ventricles. This could be a consequence of an early birth
- During pregnancy, there was an infection in the uterus, such as syphilis or rubella. The brain tissues of an unborn child may enlarge as a result of an illness
Additional contributing elements - Hydrocephalus can also be caused by the following additional reasons in any age group:
- Brain or spinal cord cancers
- Diseases of the central nervous system, like mumps or bacterial meningitis
- Bleeding in the brain as a result of a head injury or stroke
- Other forms of brain trauma
ComplicationsMost of the time, hydrocephalus gets worse. Hydrocephalus causes consequences if left untreated. Learning difficulties or physical and developmental disabilities are examples of complications. This condition's complications might also be fatal. There may be few, if any, severe problems when moderate hydrocephalus is treated.
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Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Hydrocephalus in India.
The latest procedure used in India is a method that allows more cerebrospinal fluid to flow inside the brain skull without the need for a shunt is endoscopic third ventriculostomy. This approach is beneficial, particularly for patients who have hydrocephalus brought on by a CSF blockage.
Hydrocephalus Prevention Tips
It is impossible to keep your child from developing hydrocephalus. But if you intend to have further children, your baby's doctor might recommend genetic counselling. You can find out about your chance of developing this issue in subsequent pregnancies through counselling. In order to screen for hydrocephalus during pregnancy, you might additionally require testing.
Treatment options for Hydrocephalus
VP Shunt: A brain shunt used to treat hydrocephalus is called a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. The extra cerebrospinal fluid is eliminated by the shunt. Untreated hydrocephalus in children can cause a variety of negative consequences, such as increased irritability, persistent headaches, learning challenges, visual abnormalities, and in more severe cases, severe mental retardation. The indications of VP shunts are discussed in this review, along with the importance of the interprofessional team in managing these patients
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Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy: An alternative surgical technique that does not require a shunt is endoscopic third ventriculostomy, which establishes a bypass for the cerebrospinal fluid in the head. Only those who have hydrocephalus—a condition in which the flow of cerebrospinal fluid is blocked—benefit from it. Endoscopic refers to a surgical procedure that is carried out using an endoscope. A slender tube with a strong light, a strong magnifying lens, and an opening through which tiny instruments are passed is called an endoscope.
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A diagnosis of hydrocephalus is usually based on:
Neurological examination: The age of the patient determines the type of neurological examination. In order to assess a patient's muscular condition, movement, overall health, and sensory capacities, a medical expert may ask questions and administer basic tests.
Imaging of the brain: Hydrocephalus can be diagnosed with the aid of imaging testing. They are also able to identify the root causes of symptoms. Among the imaging examinations are ultrasounds. Because it is a straightforward, low-risk technique, this test is frequently the first one given to neonates. The soft spot on the baby's head is where the ultrasound instrument is positioned. Hydrocephalus may also be discovered by ultrasound during standard prenatal examinations. There is a slight radiation risk associated with CT technology. Hydrocephalus CT scans are typically reserved for emergency examinations.
Numerous factors influence how well symptoms improve following shunt surgery for hydrocephalus. To help the patient achieve the greatest potential symptom resolution following surgery, physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other rehabilitation techniques may be recommended. Following surgery, some medical practitioners recommend inpatient therapy right away, while others recommend one or more sessions as outpatients.
After shunt surgery, physical therapy (PT) is the most popular type of treatment. Physical therapy is used to assist people regain their standing and walking abilities. Regaining strength, balance, endurance, and a more normal gait are all things that physical therapy will help the patient regain.
In order to help people with hydrocephalus with daily tasks like dressing, taking their medications, and cooking, occupational therapy (OT) may be recommended; often, the aim of OT is to allow the patient to live independently. Occupational therapists can also help with cognitive activity and memory techniques.
Patients who have suffered from cognitive impairment may benefit from cognitive therapy. For instance, for executive function issues, memory loss, or difficulties multitasking. To improve short-term memory, attention, and decision-making abilities, cognitive therapy incorporates exercises completed during office visits with homework assignments.
Neonatals with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus are treated with acetazolamide (ACZ) and furosemide (FUR). Both are diuretics that also seem to reduce CSF secretion at the choroid plexus level. ACZ can be utilized either by itself or in combination with FUR.
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Hospitals for Hydrocephalus in India
The Madras Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology
Chennai, India
MIOT started its journey with only 70 beds and focusing on Orthopedics and Trauma care. However, we grew into a multi-specialty hospital with time. MIOT is now a 1000-bedded hospital and can offer an extensive range of services across 63 specialties. The state of art laboratory of our hospital is ranked 8th internationally. We have 21 super-specialty operation theaters equipped with cutting-edge technology to help our doctors with complex procedures.
We take great care to make our patient rooms comfortable enough. The patient rooms get plenty of fresh air as well as natural light. The soothing views from the rooms do not let the patients feel cut off from the outside world. We use separate entrances for emergency patients, out-patients, in-patients, and their attendants. We put our patients’ safety first which is why we use a superior air system to ensure a near-zero infection healthy environment.
Apart from that, MIOT’s 24 hours blood bank provides all kinds of blood work related services which include blood collection to component separation. This state-of-art blood bank alone handles more than 30,000 units of blood over the course of a year. Every month around 600 blood transfusions are managed by this blood bank.
MIOT’s SIGNA Pioneer 3T MRI machine is made with noise reduction technology. This silent MRI machine can deliver superior quality neuroimages without wasting any time. The department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences can give tough competition to any international hospital with its advanced technology and accuracy.
The PET CT service at MIOT International is the first of its kind in South India enabling better and more accurate diagnosis than earlier. The superior diagnosis is also possible for the two digital cath labs at MIOT Heart Revive center.
We also have a physiotherapy team where a team of highly efficient physiotherapists deals with the mobility and functional disability issues of our patients. They listen to the patients carefully to identify the root of the pain and use therapeutic exercises to reduce their pain.
The CCU of MIOT is something to be proud of. The specially-trained staff of this unit is dedicated to ensuring top-quality medical support to serious patients. This unit along with the MIOT International Laboratory is the backbone of our facility.
Furthermore, what makes MIOT unique is our Telemedicine service. In the new normal, we are trying everything to reach our patients. Our one of its kind Telemedicine service connects our patients to our 250 full-time doctors over email, phone, chat and video consultations.
Sanar International Hospital
Gurugram, India
Sanar International Hospital is a multispeciality hospital based on Golf Course Road in Gurugram, a part of Delhi NCR. It was founded in 2018 and houses one of the most comprehensive and advanced surgical care specialties. This 150-bedded facility is committed to providing the best patient experiences and healthcare services is the core of the hospital’s mission. Staffed by a group of visionary and competent medical professionals who are well-versed in their fields and eminent for their empathy and understanding, Sanar International Hospital provides optimal care to its patients, making it a popular
Specialties in the Hospital such as Heart, Bone, and Joint neurosciences, Cancer, Kidney and Liver Transplant, and other successful procedures along with experienced medical professionals have made a mark for themselves among domestic patients and international patients who come to India to have the finest healthcare services. It follows strict international practices and believes that the centricity of the patient is essential for providing high-quality care through world-class infrastructure and state-of-the-art facilities. The technologies offered by the Hospital include Digital X-rays, MRI, CT, Ultrasound, transfusion medicine, pharmacy, laboratory services, 24 hrs emergency and ambulance services.
It offers more than 20 plus specialties such as General Medicine, Anesthesiology, Cardiac Sciences, Ophthalmology, Gastroenterology, Hematology, Orthopedics, General Surgery & Surgical, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hepato Biliary Surgery, Pediatrics, Liver Transplantation, and Critical Care Medicine. The Hospital has a highly skilled medical staff of neuro-anesthetists, neurologists, specialized neurocritical care experts, neurosurgeons neuropsychologists, and neuropsychiatrists. There are specific centers for the treatment of epilepsy, stroke, brain tumors, movement disorders, spinal problems, and headaches.
Manipal Hospital, Ghaziabad
Ghaziabad, India
Founded in 2010, Manipal Hospital-Ghaziabad (formerly Columbia Asia Hospital) is a well-known multispecialty hospital accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH). With 100 beds, the hospital is committed to providing effective and reasonably priced healthcare in a clean and safe setting. The hospital has several departments that are known for their expertise, including Orthopaedics, Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Plastic Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, ENT, and more. Due to this recognition, the hospital is now regarded as one of the best medical establishments in the Ghaziabad area.
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Why Choose India for Paraplegia Treatment?
Here are some of the reasons for choosing India:
Due to advancements in medical facilities, such as minimally invasive surgical techniques.
- World-class experts include highly experienced doctors, JCI, and NABH-accredited healthcare institutions.
- Compared to other countries, treatment in Indian hospitals is cost-effective.
- Indian hospitals provide international patient services, including a multilingual support system
- Improved treatment methods and biological therapies
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes, hydrocephalus can be treated using VP and endoscopic third ventriculostomy procedures. However, some patients may require a long time for recovery and may require rehabilitation.
With skilled neurosurgeons and cutting-edge medical technology, India has demonstrated significant success rates in treating hydrocephalus. The nation's healthcare institutions offer top-notch treatment alternatives, guaranteeing successful outcomes for many patients.
Yes, many Indian hospitals offer the following for neurofibromatosis treatment:
- Advanced diagnostic tools like MRI, CT scan, electromyography, and PET scan for accurate neurofibroma diagnosis.
- Skilled neurologist and surgeons for hydrocephalus.
- Advanced VP Shunt and Endoscopic third ventriculostomy procedures.
- Comprehensive post-surgery care and rehabilitation for long-term health benefit.
Always consider the following factors when selecting Indian hospitals:
- Hospitals that are accredited (authorised by JCI and NABH).
- Patient reviews and success rates.
- Hospitals that provide seamless care to patients from abroad.
In general, normal pressure hydrocephalus treatment has much improved in India. The success rate largely depends on how early diagnosis is made. Some patients may completely recover after surgery while others require rehabilitation with various therapies for recovery.
You need to check them to determine if they have any problems walking, if they have trouble holding their urine, and if they have just started to have walking and memory problems.
Untreated symptoms can develop over time and have a substantial negative influence on a patient's quality of life, including increasing difficulties walking, cognitive issues, difficulty with complicated tasks, urine incontinence, and mood swings;
The most likely course of treatment for them with hydrocephalus is surgery to install a shunt to prevent fluid accumulation inside their brain. In order to assist prevent any problems, you will usually need to do the following if they have a shunt:
- After surgery, adhere to your doctor's instructions. After surgery, you should pay particular attention to areas of skin that have been stitched or stapled. By properly caring for these regions, you can prevent infections and other problems.
- Steer clear of magnets if you can. This is not a need for all shunts because not all shunts use magnetically adjustable valves. If this is the situation for your parents, you can find out from your healthcare professional.
- Exercise caution when moving and doing things. Make sure your parents refrain from any physical activity that can cause the shunt, inflow and outflow catheters, etc. to come loose or harm them.
- Consult your provider as advised. To help prevent problems from this illness, follow-up visits are crucial. Through these appointments, your provider can keep an eye on your parents' health and, if needed, modify their shunt.
- Be mindful of the symptoms. Inform your healthcare physician right away if you observe your parents exhibiting a recurrence of an hydrocephalus symptom. Recurring symptoms may be a sign of a shunt issue. The longer the symptoms continue and grow, the more likely that they will have complications.
Reviewer
Dr Sonal Gupta
Neurosurgeon
29 Years of Experience
Dr. Sonal Gupta has an experienced neurosurgeon with more than 29+ years of clinical expertise. She is currently the Director, Neuro & Spine Surgery at Fortis Hospital, Shalimar Bagh. Before joining Fortis, she has been associated with various organizations such as Maharaja Agrasen Hospital, Action Balaji Hospital, and Max Hospital. View More
Last Reviewed - January 2026