Glioma Treatment in Malaysia
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What is a Glioma?
Gliomas are tumour growths of cells that arise in the spinal cord or brain. Glioma cells are similar to glial cells, which are healthy brain cells. Glial cells support and encompass nerve cells in their function.
A glioma becomes a tumour, which is a collection of cells. The tumour growth can compress the brain or spinal cord, causing symptoms. The location of the affected part of the brain or spinal cord determines the symptoms.
There are many kinds of gliomas. Some are not considered to be malignancies and develop slowly, while others are considered to be malignancies. Malignant is another term that means cancerous. Malignant gliomas can invade normal brain tissue and grow very quickly. Some gliomas are more prevalent in adulthood, while others only occur in children.
Types of glioma
The type of glial cells from which gliomas develop determines their classification. The main glioma types are as follows:
Astrocytoma: This originates from astrocytes, which are star-shaped glial cells. They consist of low-grade tumours, which are less malignant, and high-grade tumours, which are more malignant.
Oligodendrogliomas: Oligodendrocytes, the cells that originate oligodendrogliomas, form the myelin sheath that envelops nerve fibres. These tumours tend to develop more slowly.
Ependymomas: The ependymal cells lining the ventricles of the brain and spinal cord lead to ependymomas. Adults and children can develop them.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most vicious and lethal of brain tumours and is a highly malignant and aggressive type of astrocytoma.
What is the Importance of Timely Treatment?
Glioma should be treated as early as possible to enhance outcomes and quality of life. Early management can achieve minimal symptoms, reduced tumour growth, and potentially enhanced effectiveness of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Delaying treatment may make the disease more challenging to manage by increasing pressure in the brain, exacerbating neurological deficits, and enhancing tumour growth. Early treatment may improve the options for personalised treatment, which may strengthen long-term survival.
What are the Common Symptoms of Glioma?
The location of a glioma determines its symptoms. The glioma's size, type, and growth rate may also affect the symptoms.
- Headache, especially one that is most painful in the morning.
- Vomiting and nausea.
- Confusion or deterioration in brain function, including issues with information comprehension and thought processes.
- Loss of memory.
- Alterations in personality.
- Double vision, blurred vision, or loss of peripheral vision.
- Speech issues.
- Seizures
Causes and Risk Factors of Glioma
Causes
Studies have shown that gliomas and other spinal cord and brain cancers result from DNA alterations. DNA is found in our genes, which dictate how cells divide and grow. If the DNA of our genes mutates, cells can grow uncontrollably.
Your parents can pass down genetic mutations. They can also co-occur while you're alive.
Risk Factors
- Age
- Family history
- Radiation exposure
- Environmental factors
- Weakened immune system
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Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Glioma in Malaysia
New advancements in Malaysian glioma therapy illustrate a dynamic integration of state-of-the-art treatments and clinical studies. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-aided fluorescence-guided surgery has shown promising results in achieving gross complete resection of malignant gliomas, enhancing surgical results. Malaysia has participated in significant clinical trials of targeted drugs, such as the Phase II/III study of paxalisib, which revealed greater overall survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
Treatment options for Glioma
Brain Cancer Treatment: Depending on the type, size, and location of the tumour, glioma is usually treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery.
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Surgery: The first step in treating gliomas is typically to remove the tumour. If the glioma is eliminated, surgery may be the only necessary treatment.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy medications are used to kill tumour cells. Chemotherapy drugs are usually given intravenously or orally. Chemotherapy may sometimes be given directly to the glioma cells.
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Radiation Therapy: Radiation destroys tumour cells with high-energy beams. The energy source can be protons, X-rays, or something else. After surgery, radiation therapy is often employed to treat gliomas. The radiation kills the leftover glioma cells after surgery. Radiation and chemotherapy are usually combined.
Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy treatments focus on specific substances in cancer cells. Targeted therapy treatments can kill cancer cells by inhibiting these substances.
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- Neurological Exam: A detailed neurological and physical exam to assess for symptoms like weakness, changes in vision, or coordination difficulty.
- MRI is the most common method of imaging used for glioma detection. It can take detailed brain pictures and determine the size, position, and type of tumours.
- Computed tomography (CT) scans are occasionally substituted for MRIs but are not as detailed.
- Biopsy: A tumour tissue biopsy is taken for laboratory analysis to determine the type and grade of the gliomas.
- PET scans (positron emission tomography) are sometimes combined to assess tumour metabolism and assist with therapy planning.
MediRehab (chain of Rehab centres - Part of MediGence) provides comprehensive rehabilitation services to support patients through Teleconsulations and online therapy sessions.
- Physical Therapy: To enhance mobility, strength, and coordination, particularly if the tumour or surgery has impacted motor function.
- Occupational Therapy: Assists patients in recovering the skills to do daily tasks and enhance fine movements, including dressing, eating, and writing.
- Speech Therapy assists in the recovery of speech and swallowing function if the glioma or its treatment has impaired these functions.
- Cognitive Rehabilitation helps patients cope with memory, attention, and other mental processes affected by the tumour or treatment.
- Depending on the situation, your healthcare professional may prescribe medicine to help control your symptoms and support the treatment plan.
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Hospitals for Glioma in Malaysia
Sunway Medical Centre
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Sunway Medical Centre has initiated a comprehensive expansion plan close to its current hospital facility to enhance its ability to provide services to the global market. The new Cancer Radiosurgery Center and Nuclear Medicine Center, which will also house additional Centers of Excellence like the Digestive Health Center and Dialysis Center, marked the completion of Tower C's first phase in October 2016.
Ara Damansara Medical Centre
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Situated at the junction of Petaling Jaya and Shah Alam, close to the Oasis Ara, Ara Damansara Medical Centre boasts a serene, luxurious ambiance.
The Centre has been awarded several prestigious awards such as the Global Health Asia Pacific Awards 2023, Newsweek Best Specialized Hospital APAC 2023, Healthcare Asia Awards 2023, and Malaysian Healthcare Wellness Excellence.
Prince Court Medical Centre
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Prince Court is a private medical facility in the center of Kuala Lumpur that has 277 individual beds. Our dedication is to provide you with the best treatment possible from the time you arrive until you depart, healthier and happier. We are well-known for our top-notch facilities, cutting-edge technology, and friendly customer service.
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Why Choose Malaysia for Glioma Treatment?
Malaysia is an ideal location to treat gliomas as it provides the latest immunotherapies under initiatives such as the TTCI and advanced surgical techniques such as awake craniotomy for precise tumour removal. Malaysia provides glioma patients with effective and personalised treatment because of its highly trained physicians, state-of-the-art facilities, and affordable healthcare.
Frequently Asked Questions
The following are the main differences between high-grade and low-grade gliomas:
- Low-gradegliomas, typically grade I or II, are less aggressive, grow more slowly, and have a better prognosis.
- High-grade gliomas, like glioblastoma, are often graded as grade III or IV because they are more malignant and develop rapidly.
Gliomas may recur after treatment. Recurrence depends on several factors, such as the location, grade, and type of the glioma. Due to their aggressive nature, glioblastoma and other high-grade gliomas are more likely to recur. Despite successful initial treatment, glioma cells might remain in the brain, which may result in the tumour's recurrence.
The tumour grade, location, type, and overall patient health influence the glioma survival rate in Malaysia. More aggressive tumours, like glioblastoma, may have a lower survival rate, though current advances in immunotherapy, radiation, and surgery have promising results. The treatment plan for each patient is personalised to ensure the best possible prognosis, and early detection and individualised treatment significantly enhance survival rates.
The following lifestyle modifications can help in the management of glioma symptoms:
- Regular, moderate exercise can enhance strength, decrease fatigue, and increase general well-being.
- A well-balanced diet containing plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can improve overall well-being, enhance energy levels, and boost the immune system.
- The relaxation skills of meditation, deep breathing, or yoga can be used to minimise stress and anxiety.
- Resting properly and getting quality sleep assists in managing tiredness and facilitating the body's healing process.
- Prescribed pain medications and complementary therapies like massage or acupuncture can help control discomfort.
- Participation in cognitive therapy or support groups can treat cognitive problems and offer emotional support throughout treatment.
Yes, you can get a second opinion on Glioma treatment in Malaysia through MediGence. With MediGence, you can connect with highly experienced professionals from top Malaysian hospitals who can provide additional information regarding your diagnosis and treatment options. The platform facilitates easy access to professional help so you can make informed healthcare choices and receive the best care possible.
To find a certified cancer specialist, search MediGence’s website, which offers a list of top-class and internationally trained oncologists from best hospitals in Malaysia. Through MediGence, you can search the profiles of specialists, check their credentials, reviews, and experience, and book online consultations. To get the best care for your condition, the website also assists you in finding the best hospitals and provides personalised assistance for your health requirements.