Shoulder Replacement: Symptoms, Classification, Diagnosis & Recovery

Shoulder replacement is a complex surgical procedure as it involves the engagement of several neurovascular structures, stabilizers (both dynamic as well as static), as well as muscles which need to be preserved during the procedure. However, shoulder arthroplasty is gaining grounds worldwide owing to the success and effectiveness in improving lifestyle. The two most common approaches towards shoulder replacement surgery are:

• Deltopectoral approach: This approach uses the plane existing between the pectoralis major muscles and the deltoid. The procedure is highly implemented in case of fractures in the humerus, reconstruction surgery ( in case of instability) and various other reasons. 

• Anterosuperior approach: Anterosuperior approach is one among the two approaches to shoulder replacement surgery. Unlike the deltopectoral way, in this method, the deltoid is scraped or removed from the acromion and further procedures are proceeded as needed. 

Shoulder surgery is performed due to several reasons. Either case of damage repairs in and around the shoulder joint, or replacement surgeries, the procedure is pretty complex especially due to the presence of multiple neurovascular structures.

The candidate is first provided with general anesthesia to ensure that no pain is felt during the surgery. Henceforth, a small incision is made for the insertion of the arthroscope. The arthroscope is a device facilitated with a camera which helps the surgeon monitor the entire procedure. 

Multiple incisions preferably one to three, are made to insert other instruments to proceed further. These incisions are made to repair damage to the nerves, tissues, tendons, ligaments of the joint itself.

After successful completion of the shoulder surgery, the incisions are stitched properly to ensure efficient healing.

The recovery time needed after shoulder replacement surgery depends on the extent of the procedure performed. In general, most candidates recover after a period of six weeks. However, in cases that involve more complexities, recovery period may take more than six weeks and can also require months to attain complete functional ability.