Uterine fibroids Treatment in India
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What are Uterine fibroids?
Uterine fibroids, or leiomyomas, are tissue and muscle growths in or around the uterine wall. These growths are the most prevalent noncancerous tumour in females and are often benign (not malignant).
Numerous symptoms, including pain and heavy, irregular vaginal bleeding, can be brought on by uterine fibroids. Sometimes, a person is unaware that they have fibroids because they don't have any symptoms.
What is the Importance of Timely Treatment?
A woman's quality of life may be significantly impacted by consequences like heavy bleeding, anaemia, and pelvic pain, which can be avoided with timely treatment for uterine fibroids. Early treatment can help control symptoms, lower the chance of infertility, and stop fibroids from getting worse or getting more significant. Early intervention can also assist women who want to become pregnant in the future to maintain their reproductive health and prevent the need for more invasive operations.
What are the Common Symptoms of Uterine Fibroids?
The symptoms of uterine fibroids are often nonexistent. For those who do, the number, size, and location of fibroids may affect symptoms.
The most typical signs of uterine fibroids are:
- Painful periods or heavy menstrual blood
- Lengthier or more regular intervals
- Soreness or pressure in the pelvis
- Difficulty urinating or frequent urination
- Growing stomach region
- Constipation
- Lower back or stomach ache or pain during intercourse
Types of uterine fibroids
Uterine fibroids come in various forms based on their location and mode of attachment. Uterine fibroids come in several forms, such as:
- Intramural fibroids: These fibroids are encased in your uterus's muscular wall. They are the most prevalent kind.
- Submucosal fibroids: These fibroids develop beneath your uterine lining.
- Subserosal fibroids: These fibroids develop beneath the uterine lining on the outside. They have the potential to develop into your pelvis and get rather significant.
- Pedunculated fibroids: These fibroids, the least frequent kind, have a stalk or stem that connects them to your uterus.
Causes, Risk Factors and Complications of Uterine Fibroids
Causes
It's unclear what explicitly causes uterine fibroids. However, these elements might be involved:
- Gene changes: Gene alterations in many fibroids differ from those in normal uterine muscle cells.
- Hormones: In preparation for pregnancy, the tissue lining the inside of the uterus thickens with each menstrual cycle due to the action of two hormones, progesterone and estrogen.
- Compared to normal uterine muscle cells, fibroids have more cells that are bound by estrogen and progesterone. Following menopause, a decrease in hormone levels causes fibroids to shrink.
- Other growth factors: Fibroid growth may be impacted by substances like insulin-like growth factors that aid in tissue maintenance.
- Extracellular matrix (ECM): ECM stands for extracellular matrix. Like mortar between bricks, this substance causes cells to stick together. Fibroids become fibrous due to an increase in ECM. Additionally, ECM produces physiological changes in the cells and accumulates growth factors.
Risk Factors
When it comes to uterine fibroids, the only known risk factor is being of reproductive age. These consist of:
- Race: Fibroids can grow in any person of reproductive age who was born a woman.
- Family history: You are more likely to get fibroids if your mother or sister did.
- Additional factors: Fibroids appear to be more likely to develop in people who start their periods before the age of ten, are obese, have low vitamin D levels, eat a diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables, fruit, and dairy, and drink alcohol, including beer.
Complications
The majority of uterine fibroids don't result in significant issues. However, the following are the most typical fibroid side effects:
- Pain that becomes out of control.
- Swelling in the pelvis or abdomen.
- Excessive bleeding.
- Anaemia
- Infertility
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Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Uterine fibroids
- Recent developments in treating uterine fibroids include irreversible electroporation (IRE), uterine artery embolisation, thermoresponsive drug delivery devices, and MRI-guided focused ultrasound.
Uterine Fibroids Prevention Tips
- Making healthy lifestyle choices may help reduce your risk of developing fibroid disease.
- Make an effort to maintain a healthy weight.
- Engage in frequent physical activity.
- Consume a diet rich in fruits and vegetables that is well-balanced.
- According to research, long-acting progestin-only contraceptives or birth control pills may reduce the risk of fibroids.
Treatment options for Uterine fibroids
Fibroid Removal Surgery: To remove or shrink fibroids while protecting the uterus and shortening recovery times, minimally invasive procedures such laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation and myomectomy are available. Uterine artery embolisation is one technique that stops the fibroids' blood flow, which causes them to shrink and alleviate symptoms.
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Hysterectomy: The uterus is removed during this procedure. It is still the only treatment for uterine fibroids that has been effective over time.
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Microwave Endometrial Ablation: Heavy menstrual flow might be lessened using this therapy. An apparatus inside the uterus emits electric current, heat, microwave energy, hot water, or frigid temperatures. The tissue lining the uterus inside is destroyed as a result.
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Abdominal myomectomy: With this kind of surgery, fibroids are removed by making a bigger incision in the abdomen
- Clinical tests
- Ultrasound: This test takes an image of your uterus using sound waves. It can map and measure your fibroids and confirm that you have them.
- Blood tests: To investigate potential reasons. A complete blood count to screen for anaemia from continuous blood loss may be one of them.
- Imaging tests
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This test can more clearly display the location and size of fibroids. Additionally, it can distinguish between various tumour kinds and assist in deciding on the best course of action.
- Hysterosonography: To obtain images of the uterine lining and submucosal fibroids during pregnancy or heavy monthly flow, hysterosonography employs saline to dilate the uterus cavity.
- Hysterosalpingography: Hysterosalpingography is a diagnostic procedure that helps identify if the fallopian tubes are blocked or open by using dye to highlight the uterine cavity and tubes on X-ray pictures.
- Hysteroscopy: A lighted hysteroscope is inserted via the cervix during a hysteroscopy, during which a doctor injects saline into the uterus to widen the cavity and examine the fallopian tubes.
Symptom management and recovery after treatment are the main goals of rehabilitation therapies for uterine fibroids. These consist of:
- Physical Therapy: Through focused exercises that strengthen pelvic muscles and enhance circulation, physical therapy helps control pelvic pain and discomfort.
- Pain management: After therapy, medications like NSAIDs control pain and inflammation.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Exercise, stress management, and maintaining a healthy weight can all help lessen fibroid symptoms and enhance general well-being.
The goals of these rehabilitation techniques are to aid in healing, control symptoms, and stop more uterine fibroids-related issues.
- Due to adverse effects, including hot flashes and bone loss, GnRH agonists are usually taken for brief periods. However, they can help decrease fibroids by causing a transient menopause-like condition, stopping periods, and lowering symptoms like heavy bleeding.
- GnRH Antagonists can be administered for up to two years, frequently in conjunction with other therapies to minimise adverse effects, and can control heavy menstrual flow without reducing fibroids.
- Additional medications include birth control or iron supplements to reduce bleeding and anaemia, non-hormonal alternatives for severe bleeding, progestin-releasing IUDs for symptom relief, and NSAIDs for pain management.
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Hospitals for Uterine fibroids in India
Fortis Hospital
Kolkata, India
Fortis Hospital & Kidney Institute, Kolkata, is a 60-bed specialised centre for Urology and Nephrology, serving patients across Eastern India. Since its inauguration in 1999, the institute has pioneered advanced treatments like lithotripsy, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, PCNL, and Holmium Laser prostate surgery, and has performed over 570 kidney transplants. Spread over 6 floors, it offers 4 operating theatres, a 12-bed dialysis unit, 24-hour renal emergencies, and a fully equipped laboratory, providing comprehensive, patient-focused care in renal and urological health.
Ruby Hall Clinic
Pune, India
Ruby Hall Clinic located in Pune, India is accredited by NABH. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- Ruby Hall Clinic brought in Intensive Care and Coronary care units as early as in 1969.
- It was the pioneer in terms of having achieved the first successful Kidney Transplant and test tube baby in Pune and being the initiator for Cobalt Therapy to ensure Cancer treatment.
- Imaging advancement is being used in the hospital which is highly advanced known as Positron Emission Tomography.
- Ruby Hall Clinic is in the possession of two cardiac cath labs and Linear Accelerators.
- There are as many as 550 in-patient beds which is inclusive of 130 ICU beds.
- Air Ambulance services are provided by the hospital.
- There is a multi-organ transplant centre which began operations in the year 1997 and a Neuro Trauma stroke centre.
- There is also the presence of an independent Stroke Trauma Unit which is fully equipped and enabled with the right units and healthcare personnel.
Apollo Spectra Hospitals
Delhi, India
Apollo Spectra Hospitals located in New Delhi, India is accredited by JCI. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:
- Advanced technology
- World-class infrastructure
- Patient Care is completely personalised
- 12 surgical specialties and others
- A 15000 sqft area that the hospital occupies
- 5 modern modular Operation Theatres
- Sleek and smart rehabilitation unit
- In-house pharmacy
- 115 plus healthcare professionals which is inclusive of 70 specialist consultants
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Why Choose India for Uterine Fibroids Treatment?
Here are some of the reasons for choosing India:
- Due to advancements in medical facilities, such as minimally invasive surgical techniques.
- World-class experts include highly experienced doctors, JCI, and NABH-accredited healthcare institutions.
- Compared to other countries, treatment in Indian hospitals is cost-effective.
- Indian hospitals provide International patient services, including a multilingual support system.
- Improved treatment methods and biological therapies.
Frequently Asked Questions
Fibroids may develop in a cluster or as a single nodule (one growth). Fibroid clusters can be as little as 1 millimetre or as large as more than 20 centimetres (8 inches) in diameter. These growths may appear outside your uterus, inside its central cavity, or within its wall.
If you have fibroids, you may feel a range of different emotions. You might not feel anything and be unaware you have tiny fibroids. Larger fibroids, on the other hand, may cause pain and discomfort. Back pain, abdominal pain, and even pain during intercourse can all be symptoms of fibroids.
Uterine fibroid treatment in India has a high success rate, with several treatment options, including surgery, medication, and less invasive techniques. The success rate of treatments like myomectomy, uterine artery embolisation, and MRI-guided targeted ultrasound varies per case, although many women report significant symptom relief and better quality of life. The availability of modern technologies and trained healthcare practitioners helps to improve outcomes. However, success heavily depends on fibroids' size, location, and treatment strategy.
You get anaemia when your body doesn't have enough healthy red blood cells to deliver oxygen to your organs. People who get heavy or frequent periods may develop anaemia. Your periods may be weighty, or you may even bleed in between cycles if you have fibroids. If you have fibroids and anaemia symptoms are bothering you, consult your doctor.
A fibroid's overall size does not necessarily indicate that it must be removed. Based on your symptoms, your doctor will decide whether surgery is required. For instance, fibroids as small as marble can nevertheless result in severe bleeding, depending on where they are located. Your doctor can talk about any symptoms that might necessitate surgery.
If you have uterine fibroids, you can still become pregnant. Your healthcare physician will collaborate with you to create a monitoring strategy for fibroids if you are already aware that you have them when you get pregnant. Your body releases more hormones when you are pregnant. These hormones support pregnancy. They may, however, also result in the enlargement of your fibroids. During pregnancy, large fibroids may result in the following issues:
- The inability of the fetus to flip into a head-down position increases the likelihood of a C-section birth.
- Labor doesn't advance.
- Sudden placental death.
- Premature birth.
In fact, fibroids can enlarge or contract over time. They might undergo rapid size changes or gradual, long-term size changes. Although there are several causes for this, the majority of the time, the amount of hormones in your body is connected to the change in fibroid size. Larger fibroids may result from elevated hormone levels in the body. Pregnancy is one of the occasions in your life when this may occur. Additionally, when your hormone levels fall, fibroids may shrink. This is typical following menopause. After menopause, your symptoms might frequently improve as well.
Some people's fibroids may decrease after menopause. This is due to a drop in hormones. When the fibroids diminish, your symptoms may disappear. Small fibroids may not require treatment if they do not cause any symptoms.