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What is an Incisional Hernia?

An incisional hernia is a weakness or defect in the abdominal wall that develops at or near the site of a previous surgical incision. It occurs when abdominal tissues or organs push through the weakened area, sometimes forming a visible or palpable bulge. Incisional hernias can develop after open or minimally invasive abdominal surgery and may range from small, asymptomatic defects to large hernias causing discomfort, functional limitations, or complications such as obstruction or strangulation.

What is the Importance of Timely Treatment?

Timely medical evaluation helps determine the size and location of the abdominal wall defect, whether the hernia is reducible, and whether complications are present. Small, minimally symptomatic hernias may sometimes be monitored under medical supervision, while symptomatic, enlarging, or complicated hernias may require surgical repair. Sudden or severe pain, persistent vomiting, abdominal distension, skin discolouration, or an inability to pass stool or gas may indicate an emergency and require immediate medical assessment.

What are the Common Symptoms of an Incisional Hernia?

  • A visible or palpable bulge at or near a previous surgical incision
  • Bulge that becomes more prominent while coughing, standing, or straining
  • Abdominal discomfort or pain at the hernia site
  • A feeling of pressure, heaviness, or pulling in the abdominal wall
  • Pain during physical activity or lifting
  • Tenderness around the previous surgical scar
  • Increasing size of the abdominal bulge
  • Difficulty with certain physical activities
  • Cosmetic concerns related to abdominal wall contour
  • Nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, or severe pain when obstruction or strangulation occurs

Causes and Risk Factors of Incisional Hernia

Causes

  • Failure or incomplete healing of the abdominal fascia following surgery
  • Weakening of the abdominal wall at the site of a previous surgical incision
  • Separation of the surgical wound closure during the healing process
  • Surgical-site infection that interferes with normal wound healing
  • Increased stress on the healing abdominal wall, particularly when combined with impaired tissue healing

Risk Factors

  • Obesity or a high body mass index (BMI)
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes, particularly when blood glucose is poorly controlled
  • Previous surgical-site infection
  • Multiple abdominal surgeries or a history of recurrent hernias
  • Large or midline abdominal incisions
  • Emergency or complex abdominal surgery
  • Poor nutritional status
  • Immunosuppression or conditions that impair wound healing
  • Chronic coughing or respiratory conditions that increase abdominal pressure
  • Chronic constipation and repeated straining

Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Incisional Hernia in Thailand

  • Modern incisional hernia management focuses on restoring abdominal wall function, reducing recurrence, and improving quality of life. Treatment planning considers the size and location of the defect, previous repairs, patient health, and the complexity of the hernia. Large, recurrent, or complex hernias may require advanced abdominal wall reconstruction, including component separation or other myofascial release techniques. CT or MRI may be used for detailed preoperative planning, particularly in complex cases. In Thailand, the availability of these techniques depends on the hospital, the surgeon's expertise, and the patient's individual clinical requirements.

Treatment options for Incisional Hernia

Robotic Hernia Repair : Minimally invasive approaches use smaller incisions and specialised instruments to repair the abdominal wall defect and place mesh in an appropriate position. Robotic techniques may provide enhanced visualisation and instrument control in selected complex repairs.

Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: Large, recurrent, or complex incisional hernias may require advanced reconstruction techniques, such as component separation or other myofascial release procedures, to close the abdominal wall. Emergency surgery may be required for incarcerated or strangulated hernias.

  • Clinical assessment:
    • Medical and Surgical History: Evaluation includes previous abdominal operations, incision type and location, wound-healing problems, prior hernia repairs, surgical-site infections, bulge duration, size changes, pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, and relevant medical conditions.
    • Physical Examination: The surgeon evaluates size, location, reducibility, tenderness, and relationship to the previous surgical scar.
    • Assessment for Complications: The clinician evaluates for incarceration, obstruction, strangulation, skin changes, severe tenderness, abdominal distension, vomiting, and other features suggesting an emergency complication.
    • Preoperative Assessment: Patients considered for surgery may undergo assessment of general health, nutritional status, cardiovascular and respiratory fitness, diabetes control, previous operative history, and factors that could affect wound healing or recurrence.
  • Imaging Tests:
    • Ultrasound: May help identify an abdominal wall defect and assess small or dynamic hernias, particularly when the diagnosis is uncertain.
    • CT Scan: Provides detailed information about the hernia's size, location, contents, and anatomy and is particularly useful for complex cases and preoperative planning.
    • MRI: May be used in selected patients when additional soft-tissue or abdominal wall information is required or when avoiding radiation is desirable.
    • Dynamic Imaging: Ultrasound or MRI performed with Valsalva may help identify occult or small abdominal wall defects in selected patients.

MediRehab (a chain of Rehab centres, part of MediGence) provides comprehensive tele- rehabilitation services designed to support Incisional Hernia patients in Thailand. These Services include:

  • Early Mobilisation: Patients are generally encouraged to begin gentle movement and walking after surgery as tolerated, with activity progressed according to the surgical team's advice.
  • Gradual Activity Progression: Physical activity is increased progressively while avoiding excessive strain during the early healing period.
  • Abdominal Wall Rehabilitation: Selected patients may benefit from physiotherapy focused on posture, breathing, core control, and gradual restoration of abdominal wall function.
  • Weight and Lifestyle Management: Maintaining a healthy weight, stopping smoking, managing diabetes, and addressing constipation or chronic cough can support long-term abdominal wall health.
  • Medicines do not repair the abdominal wall defect itself. Pain-relieving medicines may control symptoms when appropriate, while treating associated conditions such as chronic cough, constipation, diabetes, or nutritional deficiencies may improve overall health and surgical readiness. Antibiotics may be required when a bacterial wound or abdominal infection is present.

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Hospitals for Incisional Hernia in Thailand

Piyavate Hospital: Top Doctors, and Reviews
Piyavate Hospital

Bangkok, Thailand

Piyavate Hospital located in Bangkok, Thailand is accredited by JCI. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:

  • Medicine Centre: Piyavate Hospital provides advanced holistic treatment for their patients. They offer a complete range of services and physicians that specialize in various fields like the endocrine system, the nervous system, kidney function, cardiovascular care, respiratory and digestive system. They pride themselves for the familial care that they provide to their patients.

  • Fertility and In-Vitro Fertilization Centre: Helping the couples who walk into the Piyavate Hospital to achieve their dream of having a family. They have a medical team that specializes in male and female fertility. They offer consultation services, fertility check-up for both men and women and complete IVF services. They have advanced IVF cycle treatment facilities that offer a high rate of success.

  • Bone and Joint Institute: Piyavate Hospital houses one of the frontrunners in Orthopaedic health care in all of SouthEast Asia. They offer a wide range of services and surgeries in their bone and joint institute that include hand surgery, hip and knee replacement surgery, spinal cord surgery, upper extremity surgery, arthroscopic surgery and sports medicine.

  • Eye and Lasik Centre: Piyavate Hospital is fully equipped with the latest and most advanced technology for eye care and houses highly skilled ophthalmologists, sub-specialists and qualified nurses.

  • Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Centre: One of the first hospitals to be equipped with the Hybrid Assistive Limb technology that will help a neurologically challenged patient to control the rehabilitation robot limb with a signal from their brain. The Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Centre at Piyavate Hospital uses this system encourage patients to regain muscle memory to walk and function normally.

Amenities for Patient’s Family:

Piyavate Hospital also offers additional apartment facilities to house the kin of the patients who come to visit them from distant places. A restaurant, a flower shop and a café are a few of the other amenities provided by the hospital.

These are the most popular services offered by the Piyavate Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. They also provide a plethora of other medical services that are listed below:

  • Diabetic Foot Centre

  • Check-up centre

  • Urology Centre 

  • Heart Institute

  • Paediatric Centre 

  • Obstetrics and Gynaecology Centre

  • Surgery Centre

  • Ear Nose Throat Centre

  • Haemodialysis Centre 

  • Dental Centre

  • X-Ray Centre

  • Gastroenterology Centre

  • Cancer Centre

  • Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

  • Emergency Services and Centre

  • Tele-medicine

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Sukumvit Hospital, Bangkok: Top Doctors, and Reviews
Sukumvit Hospital, Bangkok

Bangkok, Thailand

  • Sukumvit Hospital has provided a comprehensive range of healthcare services since 1977. It is committed to providing patient-centred care by combining advanced medical technologies and employing highly skilled, multi-specialised physicians to ensure that each patient receives high-quality treatment across all the various areas of medicine offered at the facility. They offer modern diagnostics, minimally invasive surgical procedures, rehabilitation, emergency services, and a full array of international patient services, while maintaining stringent standards for patient safety and personalised healthcare.
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Sikarin Hospital: Top Doctors, and Reviews
Sikarin Hospital

Bangkok, Thailand

Apart from in-detail treatment procedures available, Sikarin Hospital located in Bangkok, Thailand has a wide variety of facilities available for International Patients. Some of the facilities which are provided by them are Airport Transfer, Choice of Meals, Interpreter, SIM, TV inside room. Also listed below are some of the most prominent infrastructural details:

  • Sikarin Hospital has a 258-bed capacity.
  • The hospital caters to the healthcare needs of both local and international patients.
  • Dedicated and skilled, experienced healthcare professionals are the strength of the organization.

It has also received many awards and certifications and some of them are:

  • APSIC CSSD Center of Excellence Award (2017-18)
  • Accreditation by the Joint Commission International
  • HA-Hospital/Healthcare Accreditation
  • HACCP Certificate of Registration
  • The Best Under a Billion Award 
  • ISO 14001 Environment Management System
  • ISO 9001 Quality Management System

The various clinics and centers of Sikarin Hospital are as follows:

  • Pediatric Institute
  • Orthopedic Institute
  • Dental Center
  • Health Check-up Center
  • Heart Disease Center
  • Cerebral and Nervous System Center
  • Internal Medicine Clinic
  • Diagnostic Radiology Center
  • Diagnostic Laboratory
  • Endoscopic Surgery Center
  • International Medical Center
  • Emergency Medical Center
  • Sikarin Beauty Center
  • Eye Center
  • Rehabilitation Center
  • Women’s Health Center
  • Ear, Nose and Throat Center
  • Specialized Internal Medicine Center
  • Center for Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases

The medical technology present in Sikarin Hospital is outlined here:

  • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) magnetic resonance imaging
  • Hybrid Operating Room
  • Endoscopic Surgery - Gastrointestinal medical technology with tiny capsules
  • S.R. Laboratory
  • Cardiac Catheterization Lab 
  • Dental Operating Microscope, an innovative endoscopic root canal treatment
  • 128-Slice CT Scan
  • ORTHOPANTOMOGRAPH OP 3D oral X-ray machine
  • Digital Mammogram
  • Optical Coherence Tomography
  • INFRARED (IR) IMAGING Surgical Technology “Cure Cancer” – Direct, Accurate, Fast
  • 3D endoscopic surgery technology
  • Laparoscopic Surgery
  • Dental Aerosol Suction Dental Intraoral Aerosol Remover
  • Comprehensive Dental Center
  • iTeroElement 5D
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Why Choose Thailand for Incisional Hernia Treatment?

  • Experienced Hernia and General Surgeons: Thai hospitals have surgeons experienced in managing primary, recurrent, large, and complex incisional hernias.
  • Advanced Diagnostic Facilities: Many centres provide ultrasound, CT, MRI, and other imaging facilities to assess abdominal wall defects and support detailed surgical planning.
  • Open and Minimally Invasive Repair: Depending on the patient's condition, hospitals may offer open, laparoscopic, robotic, mesh-based, and advanced abdominal wall reconstruction procedures.
  • Comprehensive Perioperative Care: Patients can receive coordinated assessment from surgeons, anesthesiologists, physiotherapists, nutrition specialists, and other healthcare professionals, as needed.
  • International Patient Support: Major Thai hospitals may provide medical-record review, specialist coordination, treatment scheduling, travel assistance, accommodation support, and postoperative follow-up for international patients.

Frequently Asked Questions

Recovery varies with the hernia's size and complexity, the type of repair performed, the patient's general health, and whether the procedure was elective or emergency. Many patients gradually return to routine activities over several weeks, while complex abdominal wall reconstruction may require a longer recovery period. The surgeon generally restricts heavy lifting and strenuous exercise temporarily, per their instructions.

Yes. Many people with an uncomplicated incisional hernia can walk and perform light daily activities. Walking is also generally encouraged after surgical repair as tolerated. However, you may need to restrict strenuous activity or heavy lifting, especially if it causes pain or during the early postoperative healing period.

Many advanced Thai hospitals provide modern diagnostic and surgical facilities, including CT and MRI, laparoscopic and robotic surgery, mesh-based repair, and complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Available technologies and surgical expertise vary between hospitals.

Some hospitals in Thailand offer advanced diagnostic imaging, laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery, mesh-based repair, and complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Availability varies by hospital and depends on the surgeon's expertise and the patient's clinical needs.

Consider the surgeon's experience with incisional and recurrent hernias, availability of abdominal wall imaging, experience with open and minimally invasive repair, access to complex abdominal wall reconstruction when required, perioperative facilities, infection-control practices, and postoperative follow-up.

Outcomes depend on hernia size and location, surgical technique, previous repairs, patient health, obesity, smoking, diabetes, wound complications, and other factors. Recurrence and complications can occur even after a technically successful repair, so discuss outcomes with the treating surgeon based on the individual's circumstances.

Many Thai surgeons routinely manage incisional hernias, including postoperative, recurrent, large, and complex abdominal wall defects. Patients with complex or recurrent hernias may benefit from choosing a surgeon or centre with specific expertise in abdominal wall reconstruction and hernia surgery.

Potential risks include wound infection, bleeding, seroma, mesh-related complications, chronic pain, recurrence, injury to surrounding structures, bowel injury, blood clots, and complications related to anesthesia. Complex or emergency repairs may carry additional risks.

Seek emergency medical assessment if the bulge becomes suddenly or severely painful, firm, discoloured, or cannot be reduced, particularly if you also experience vomiting, abdominal swelling, fever, or inability to pass stool or gas. These symptoms may indicate incarceration, bowel obstruction, or strangulation. Do not force the bulge back into place.

An incisional hernia can cause a persistent abdominal bulge, discomfort, or changes in abdominal contour. It does not inevitably cause permanent deformity. The appearance and function of the abdominal wall after treatment depend on the hernia's size, the repair performed, healing, and whether recurrence develops.

Yes. Pain, pressure, a visible bulge, and difficulty with certain activities can affect comfort, exercise, work, and daily functioning. Some hernias remain relatively stable, while others enlarge or develop complications.

An incisional hernia may remain stable, but it can also enlarge or become more symptomatic. Possible complications include incarceration, bowel obstruction, and strangulation. The decision to monitor or repair the hernia depends on its symptoms, size, clinical findings, and the patient's overall health.

Not all incisional hernias can be prevented. Risk may be reduced by stopping smoking, managing weight and diabetes, maintaining adequate nutrition, preventing and treating surgical-site infections, and following postoperative advice. Surgical closure techniques and individual risk factors also influence whether a hernia develops.

Yes. Risk factors include a high BMI, smoking, diabetes, immunosuppression, surgical-site infection, and a history of abdominal surgery. Midline incisions and some larger laparoscopic port sites are also associated with increased risk.

Author

Dr. Vijita Jayan
Dr. Vijita Jayan

BPT, MPT (Neuro)

18 Years of Experience

With over 18 years of distinguished clinical experience, Dr. Vijita Jayan is a highly accomplished Clinical Director and Rehabilitation Specialist, renowned for her expertise in neuro-rehabilitation, functional recovery, and mobility-dependent case management. Her extensive practical knowledge enables her to design and implement individualized, evidence-based rehabilitation protocols that consistently yield measurable patient outcomes. A prolific researcher and academic writer, she has authored numerous peer-reviewed articles and research papers, significantly advancing the field of rehabilitative medicine. The recipient of multiple prestigious accolades, Dr. Jayan is widely regarded as one of the foremost authorities in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, continually shaping neuro-rehabilitative care through research, innovation, and clinical excellence. View More

Reviewer

Dr. Pradeep Jain
Dr. Pradeep Jain

General & Laparoscopic Surgeon

33 Years of Experience

Dr. Pradeep Jain has completed his MBBS, MS - General Surgery, MCh - Surgical Gastroenterology/G.I. Surgery, and MCh - Surgical Oncology. He is a GastroIntestinal Surgeon, General Surgeon, Surgical Oncologist, Bariatric Surgeon par excellence with total experience of 36 years of which about 33+ years have been as a specialist View More

Last Reviewed - January 2026