Hepatoblastoma Treatment in Malaysia

What is Hepatoblastoma?

Hepatoblastoma is a sporadic liver cancer that mainly affects children aged one to three. Surgeons may be able to treat hepatoblastoma if it is detected, while liver cancer tumours are small enough to be entirely removed during surgery.

What is the Importance of Timely Treatment?

Timely treatment of hepatoblastoma, a rare liver cancer that mainly affects youngsters, is critical for improving survival rates. Early detection and timely management considerably improve the chances of successfully managing the condition and preventing its spread.

If treated early, the tumour can be surgically removed, and chemotherapy can be used to target any leftover cancer cells, lowering the risk of recurrence.

Delaying therapy can allow the cancer to develop, making it more difficult to cure and decreasing the likelihood of complete recovery. Timely therapy also increases overall survival rates and improves the quality of life for affected youngsters.

What are the Common Symptoms of Hepatoblastoma?

Common symptoms include:

• An uncomfortable lump in your child's abdomen's middle or upper right side.
• Consistent nausea and vomiting.
• Loss of appetite.
• Abdominal discomfort.
• Jaundice is caused by the accumulation of bilirubin in your child's body, resulting in yellow skin or eyes.
• Unexplained weight loss.

Causes, Risk Factors and Complications of Hepatoblastoma

Causes

Children are more likely to get hepatoblastoma if they:

• Are born early with a very low birth weight
• Have a growth disorder called Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (which makes the body and internal organs grow too much or get too big)
• Have a genetic condition called familial adenomatous polyposis (which causes growths in the lining of the intestines).
• Mutations in the gene
• Hepatoblastoma is more common in boys than in girls.

Risk Factors

Risk factors include:

• Premature birth: Most babies arrive at 37 weeks or later.
• Low birth weight: This refers to babies weighing less than 5.5 pounds at delivery.
• Early hepatitis B infection, which damages your child's liver.
• Biliary atresia: It harms newborn babies by preventing bile from passing to their small intestines. The backed-up bile harms their livers.
• Hemihyperplasia: This disorder makes one side of your child's body larger than the other.
• Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: This genetic growth problem raises the risk of developing juvenile cancer, particularly hepatoblastoma.
• Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): It is characterised by the presence of a mutant APC gene.
• Aicardi syndrome damages your child's brain and eyes, causing seizures.
• Glycogen storage disease (GSD): This disease affects how your child’s body processes glucose (sugar).
• Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGB): Children born with SGB grow and gain weight unusually rapidly.
• Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18): Recent studies have shown some links between this inherited disorder and hepatoblastoma.

Complications

• Hepatoblastoma can spread (metastasise) to other parts of your child's body, especially the lungs.

Latest Research and Technologies in the Treatment of Hepatoblastoma in Malaysia

• Recent developments in the treatment of hepatoblastoma (HB) in Malaysia include the use of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) to improve liver regeneration in patients with inadequate future liver remnant volume and the application of indocyanine green (ICG)-guided surgery for precise tumour resection.
• These methods are intended to enhance surgical results and increase pediatric HB patients' eligibility for curative resection.

Hepatoblastoma Prevention Tips

Hepatoblastoma is a rare cancer, and while there are no sure ways to prevent it, certain precautions may minimise risk factors or aid in early discovery. Here are some preventative tips:

• Monitor for Risk Factors: Hepatoblastoma is frequently associated to specific genetic disorders. If you have a family history of these or other genetic problems, consult your doctor about getting frequent testing.
• Avoid harmful chemicals.
• Early Diagnosis: Because hepatoblastoma is more common in newborns and young children, parents should be on the lookout for symptoms as soon as possible to get an early diagnosis.
• Prenatal Care: Good prenatal care can aid in the early discovery of any problems. Regular check-ups and tests during pregnancy can detect issues that could lead to children's cancers, such as hepatoblastoma.