At IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Hemodialysis is performed using specialized dialysis equipment and comprehensive pre-treatment nephrology assessment. Established in 1971, this SSN accredited hospital in milan, Italy has 1350 beds and offers advanced nephrology and renal replacement therapy services.

Hemodialysis may be considered when kidney function is severely reduced and the body is unable to adequately remove metabolic waste or maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Before treatment, the nephrology team assesses kidney function, fluid status, blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and the patient's vascular access. Blood is then drawn through a suitable access, passed through the dialyzer, and returned to the circulation after filtration.